{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:11:25Z","timestamp":1791015085248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#437612\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#437612\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#315247\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#315247\/2020-7"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#001"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["# APQ-01789-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# APQ-01789-22"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#437612\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#437612\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#315247\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#315247\/2020-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["# APQ-01789-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# APQ-01789-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal protein supplementation and offspring sex (OS) on the intake parameters of the offspring. Forty-three Tabapu\u00e3 cows were randomly allocated in the following treatments: protein supplementation (PS) during days 100\u2013200 of gestation (RES, 5.5% total crude protein (CP), n = 2, or CON, 10% total CP, n = 19) and OS (females, n = 20; males, n = 23). The offspring were evaluated during the cow\u2013calf (0\u2013210 days), backgrounding (255\u2013320 days), growing 1 (321\u2013381 days), and growing 2 (382\u2013445 days) phases. The CON offspring tended to present higher dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning (p = 0.06). The CON males presented lower digestibility of major diet components in the growing 2 phase (p \u2264 0.02). The CON offspring spent 52% more time per day eating supplements at 100 days and 17% less time in idleness at 210 days. The CON males spent 15 min more per day ruminating than RES males in the feedlot phase (p = 0.01). We concluded that protein supplementation over gestation alters the offspring feed intake pattern as a whole, while protein restriction promotes compensatory responses on nutrient digestibility in males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12202865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T20:35:55Z","timestamp":1666298155000},"page":"2865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of Maternal Protein Supplementation at Mid-Gestation of Cows on Intake, Digestibility, and Feeding Behavior of the Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5425-700X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina Batista","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Castilho","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier Andr\u00e9s Moreno","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Cartagena 130001, Bolivar, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Miranda","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Timac Agro Brazil, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14026-282, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4843-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German Dar\u00edo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Zamudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania Priscilla de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia Dias","family":"Prezotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luthesco Haddad Lima","family":"Chalfun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Lavras, Lavras 37203-593, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio de Souza","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Rume","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5168-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Pies","family":"Gionbelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45282","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v41i1.45282","article-title":"Predicting breeding value of body weight at 6-month age using Artificial Neural Networks in Kermani sheep breed","volume":"41","author":"Ghotbaldini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahsavari, M., Mohammadabadi, M., Khezri, A., Fozi, M.A., Babenko, O., Kalashnyk, O., Oleshko, V., and Tkachenko, S. (2021). Correlation between insulin-like growth factor 1 gene expression and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder consumption in muscle of sheep. Anim. Biotechnol., 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2021.2000997"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20160419","DOI":"10.1590\/rbz4720160419","article-title":"Challenges of beef cattle production from tropical pastures","volume":"47","author":"Poppi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"153","article-title":"Bovinocultura de ciclo curto em pastagens","volume":"3","author":"Paulino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Simp\u00f3sio Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Gado Corte"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12786","article-title":"Foetal development of skeletal muscle in bovines as a function of maternal nutrition, foetal sex and gestational age","volume":"102","author":"Gionbelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1071\/AN20498","article-title":"Effects of protein supplementation on Nellore cows\u2019 reproductive performance, growth, myogenesis, lipogenesis and intestine development of the progeny","volume":"61","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, T., Du, M., Nascimento, K., Galv\u00e3o, M., Meneses, J., Schultz, E., Gionbelli, M., and Duarte, M. (2021). Skeletal Muscle Development in Postnatal Beef Cattle Resulting from Maternal Protein Restriction during Mid-Gestation. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030860"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117000982","article-title":"Supplementation of grazing beef cows during gestation as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle development of the offspring","volume":"11","author":"Marquez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood, P.L., Thompson, A.N., and Ford, S.P. (2009). Postnatal Consequences of the Maternal Environment and of Growth During Prenatal Life for Productivity of Ruminants, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-3135-8_1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfab061","article-title":"Fetal programming in ruminant animals: Understanding the skeletal muscle development to improve meat quality","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Front."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, E.B., Costa, T.C., Sanglard, L.P., Nascimento, K.B., Meneses, J.A., Galv\u00e3o, M.C., Ser\u00e3o, N.V., Duarte, M.S., and Gionbelli, M.P. (2022). Transcriptome profile in the skeletal muscle of cattle progeny as a function of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation. Livest. Sci., 263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.104995"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barcelos, S.D.S., Nascimento, K.B., da Silva, T.E., Mezzomo, R., Alves, K.S., Duarte, M.D.S., and Gionbelli, M.P. (2022). The Effects of Prenatal Diet on Calf Performance and Perspectives for Fetal Programming Studies: A Meta-Analytical Investigation. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162145"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy127","article-title":"Maternal nutrition and programming of offspring energy requirements1","volume":"3","author":"Caton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5799","article-title":"Meat Science And Muscle Biology Symposium: Developmental programming in cattle: Consequences for growth, efficiency, carcass, muscle, and beef quality characteristics1,2","volume":"91","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7692354x","article-title":"Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: I. Body growth and composition, and some aspects of energetic efficiency","volume":"76","author":"Greenwood","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Felix D\u2019Mello, J.P. (2009). Physiological and Metabolic Aspects of Feed Intake Control. Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0094","article-title":"Epigenetic Changes in the Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin and Glucocorticoid Receptor Genes in the Ovine Fetus after Periconceptional Undernutrition","volume":"151","author":"Stevens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5241fje","article-title":"Increased maternal nutrition alters development of the appetite-regulating network in the brain","volume":"20","author":"Muhlhausler","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2018.06.001","article-title":"Influences of maternal nutrient restriction and arginine supplementation on visceral metabolism and hypothalamic circuitry of offspring","volume":"65","author":"Prezotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201681","article-title":"Maternal obesity eliminates the neonatal lamb plasma leptin peak","volume":"589","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky215","article-title":"Rapid Communication: Reduced maternal nutrition during early- to mid-gestation elevates newborn lamb plasma cortisol concentrations and eliminates the neonatal leptin surge","volume":"96","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9587","article-title":"Dietary N-carbamylglutamate and rumen-protected L-arginine supplementation ameliorate fetal growth restriction in undernourished ewes1,2","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.01.006","article-title":"Effects of maternal nutrition on development of gastrointestinal tract of bovine fetus at different stages of gestation","volume":"153","author":"Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13273","article-title":"Effects of maternal protein supplementation and inclusion of rumen-protected fat in the finishing diet on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal genes in Nellore steers","volume":"90","author":"Schoonmaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115002219","article-title":"Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation of pregnant ewes on maternal and fetal pancreatic digestive enzymes and insulin-containing clusters","volume":"10","author":"Keomanivong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0346-7","article-title":"Evidence for liver energy metabolism programming in offspring subjected to intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(02)00068-4","article-title":"The effects of undernutrition, in utero, on reproductive function in adult male and female sheep","volume":"72","author":"Rae","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson, M., Gauvin, M., Pillai, S., Jones, A., McFadden, K., Cameron, K., Reed, S., Zinn, S., and Govoni, K. (2021). Maternal Under- and Over-Nutrition during Gestation Causes Islet Hypertrophy and Sex-Specific Changes to Pancreas DNA Methylation in Fetal Sheep. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092531"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobbs, K.B., Rodriguez, M., Sudano, M., Ortega, M.S., and Hansen, P.J. (2013). Dynamics of DNA Methylation during Early Development of the Preimplantation Bovine Embryo. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066230"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"401","article-title":"Steroidogenesis in fetal bovine gonads","volume":"52","author":"Dominguez","year":"1988","journal-title":"CJVR"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4068.90","article-title":"Natural Selection of Parental Ability to Vary the Sex Ratio of Offspring","volume":"179","author":"Trivers","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.01.024","article-title":"Sex-dependent effects of maternal undernutrition on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs","volume":"221","author":"Ithurralde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14278","article-title":"Fetal programming in 2-year-old calving heifers: Peri-conception and first trimester protein restriction alters fetal growth in a gender-specific manner","volume":"54","author":"Copping","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982011001100039","article-title":"Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles","volume":"40","author":"Valente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982009000800022","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de indicadores em estudos com ruminantes: Digestibilidade","volume":"38","author":"Ferreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982001000600030","article-title":"Cromo e indicadores internos na determina\u00e7\u00e3o do consumo de novilhos mesti\u00e7os, suplementados, a pasto Rev","volume":"30","author":"Detmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982009000800023","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de indicadores em estudos com ruminantes: Estimativa de consumos de concentrado e de silagem de milho por vacas em lacta\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"38","author":"Ferreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60073a008","article-title":"Chromic Oxide Measurement, Improved Determination of Chromic Oxide in Cow Feed and Feces","volume":"5","author":"Kimura","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.821179x","article-title":"Technical Note: A procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide1","volume":"82","author":"Myers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7941059x","article-title":"Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle","volume":"79","author":"Titgemeyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Galv\u00e3o, M.C. (2018). Long-Term Effects of the Use of Creep-Feeding for Beef Calves under Tropical Conditions. Master\u2019s Thesis."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"AOAC (1990). Official methods of analysis., Association of Official Analysis Chemists. [15th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Robertson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Detmann, E., and Filho, S.V. (2010). On the Estimation of Non-fibrous Carbohydrates in Feeds and Diets, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352010000400030"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982011000500017","article-title":"Consumo, digestibilidade total, produ\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00edna microbiana e balan\u00e7o de nitrog\u00eanio em dietas com subprodutos de frutas para ruminantes","volume":"40","author":"Pina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Zootec."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valadares Filho, S.C., Costa e Silva, L.F., Gionbelli, M.P., Rotta, P.P., Marcondes, M.I., Chizzotti, M.L., and Prados, L.F. (2016). Nutritional requirements for pregnant and non-pregnant beef cows. Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle, Suprema Gr\u00e1fica Ltda. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.5935\/978-85-8179-111-1.2016B002"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/60.1.5","article-title":"The thrifty phenotype hypothesis","volume":"60","author":"Hales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Med Bull."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14481","article-title":"Feeding behaviour in ruminants: A consequence of interactions between a reward system and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis","volume":"55","author":"Ginane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R795","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00241.2011","article-title":"Early maternal undernutrition programs increased feed intake, altered glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and liver function in aged female offspring","volume":"302","author":"George","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, T., Louren\u00e7o, P., Souza, R., Lopes, M., Ara\u00fajo, R., Santos, M., Luciano, L., Massensini, J., Chalfun, L., and Renn\u00f3, L. (2022). Ruminal undegradable protein enriched diet during late gestation of beef cows affects maternal metabolism and offspring\u2019s skeletal muscle development. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 291.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115400"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2311","article-title":"Fetal programming of skeletal muscle development in ruminant animals1","volume":"88","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8297","article-title":"Impact of supplemental protein source offered to primiparous heifers during gestation on II. Progeny performance and carcass characteristics","volume":"93","author":"Summers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b00726","article-title":"Effects of Dietary l-Arginine and N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation on Intestinal Integrity, Immune Function, and Oxidative Status in Intrauterine-Growth-Retarded Suckling Lambs","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982010000300026","article-title":"Ingestive behavior of Nellore cows and their straightbred or crossbred calves1","volume":"39","author":"Wechsler","year":"2010","journal-title":"R. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.02.006","article-title":"Suckling behaviour of Nelore, Gir and Caracu calves and their crosses","volume":"101","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/20\/2865\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:58:32Z","timestamp":1760144312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/20\/2865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12202865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12202865","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]}}}