{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:52:23Z","timestamp":1791917543577,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008099","name":"institutional research funding IUT8-1 of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and basic funding of the Estonian University of Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P180277VLTN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P180277VLTN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calving-related disorders\/clinical diseases (DIS) and cytological endometritis (CYTO) on the reproductive performance and culling of dairy cows. In a total of 119 multiparous Holstein cows, DIS were recorded and CYTO was diagnosed at 40 \u00b1 2 d in milk. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first postpartum measurement of milk progesterone &gt;5 ng\/mL. A dummy variable containing all four possible permutations between DIS and CYTO statuses was created. The pregnancy rates after first artificial insemination were 57.7, 42.9, 23.0 and 15.8% for the DIS\u2212\/CYTO\u2212, DIS+\/CYTO\u2212, DIS\u2212\/CYTO+ and DIS+\/CYTO+ groups, respectively. The hazard of pregnancy was affected by DIS\u2212\/CYTO+ and DIS+\/CYTO+ health statuses (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43 and 0.29, respectively), whereas DIS+\/CYTO\u2212 and DIS\u2212\/CYTO\u2212 cows had a similar hazard to pregnancy. The hazard of onset of luteal activity was affected by DIS+\/CYTO+ health status (HR = 0.45), but not by DIS+\/CYTO\u2212 and DIS\u2212\/CYTO+ health statuses. Compared with DIS\u2212\/CYTO\u2212 cows, DIS\u2212\/CYTO+ and DIS+\/CYTO+ cows had 4.24 and 5.57 times the odds of being culled, respectively. Culling was not affected by DIS+\/CYTO\u2212 health status. In conclusion, CYTO+ status, irrespective of DIS status, decreased the pregnancy rate. When DIS+ and CYTO+ were combined, they had an additive negative effect. Our preliminary findings suggest that the far-reaching consequences of clinical diseases on fertility and culling can be mediated through the development of CYTO. Further investigations including a larger number of cows are required to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12212913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T11:53:55Z","timestamp":1666612435000},"page":"2913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Individual and Combined Effects of Diseases and Cytological Endometritis on Reproductive Performance and Culling of Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Merle","family":"Valdmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jevgeni","family":"Kurykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dallago, G.M., Wade, K.M., Cue, R.I., McClure, J.T., Lacroix, R., Pellerin, D., and Vasseur, E. 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