{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:45:56Z","timestamp":1790621156106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The medical records of 14 Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) with a vertebral fracture or luxation (SFL) between C1 and L7 treated at Ospedale Veterinario San Michele from 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. The most common cause of SFL was \u201croad traffic accident\u201d. Neurological signs were graded from 0 to 6 using a modified Frankel scale. Spinal fractures occurred in C1\u2013C5 in 1 case, in T3\u2013L3 in 11 cases and in L4\u2013L7 in 2 cases. Six wolves were euthanized without treatment because they presented paraplegia without deep pain perception (DPP). Two animals with motor function were treated conservatively, and later on one of them was euthanized because of neurological impairment. Six wolves were surgically treated. Seven wolves had good neurological recovery, and six of them were released into the wild. Our results suggest that wolves with DPP before surgery may have a good functional recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12213044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T02:43:51Z","timestamp":1667789031000},"page":"3044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnostic and Treatment of Spinal Fracture and Luxation in Italian Wolves (Canis lupus italicus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9730-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Fugazzotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Michele, Via I Maggio 37\/A, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5961-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Costa Devoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Michele, Via I Maggio 37\/A, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Michele, Via I Maggio 37\/A, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Teani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Michele, Via I Maggio 37\/A, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Berti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tutela e Ricerca Fauna Esotica e Selvatica-Monte Adone, 40037 Sasso Marconi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8346-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Offer","family":"Zeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Michele, Via I Maggio 37\/A, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00106.x","article-title":"Canine neurological diseases in a referral hospital population between 1989 and 2000 in Switzerland","volume":"47","author":"Fluehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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