{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:08:59Z","timestamp":1791497339695,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteria belonging to the species Photobacterium damselae are pathogens of cultured marine fish, causing diseases of high importance, such as Pasteurellosis. Thus, they are considered a major threat to the aquaculture sector. Despite the great importance of fish mariculture for the Greek economy, the distribution and abundance of these bacteria are not well documented in aquaculture units in Greece. Keeping this in mind, the scope of the present study was to investigate the presence, antibiotic profile, and virulence of Photobacterium bacteria originating from a representative sample of mariculture units throughout Greece. Samples were collected from diseased fish belonging to three different cultured fish species, namely Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Pagrus pagrus, from both the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. Tissue samples were cultured in agar media, and bacteria were molecularly identified using both bacterial universal and species-specific primer pairs for Photobacterium spp. Additionally, the identified strains were characterized for the presence of virulence genes as well as antibiotic profiles. According to the results, the aforementioned bacteria are distributed in the Greek aquaculture units and are characterized by high pathogenicity based on the abundance of virulence genes. Furthermore, the majority of the detected strains exhibit some level of antibiotic resistance. In summary, our results indicate the need for systematic surveillance and study of their antibiotic profiles in Greek aquaculture since these bacteria constitute a major threat to the sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:14:01Z","timestamp":1668399241000},"page":"3133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Virulence Genes and In Vitro Antibiotic Profile of Photobacterium damselae Strains, Isolated from Fish Reared in Greek Aquaculture Facilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0773-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Lattos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Aquatic Animals, Ichthyology & Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"},{"name":"Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis A.","family":"Giantsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Tsavea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Kolygas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Aquatic Animals, Ichthyology & Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7489-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotini","family":"Athanassopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Aquatic Animals, Ichthyology & Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1655-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"Bitchava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1108\/S1574-871520170000017011","article-title":"Aquaculture: Its role in the future of food","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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