{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:02:25Z","timestamp":1787911345948,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SLU Future One Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","award":["SLU.ua.2020.4.2-3148."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLU.ua.2020.4.2-3148."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To explore the scientific evidence for therapeutic ultrasound (TU), we conducted a systematic review of the literature on TU in dogs, horses, donkeys, and cats. Methods: In three major databases, relevant articles published in 1980\u20132020 were identified. The risk of bias in each article was evaluated. Results: Twenty-four relevant articles on the effects of TU in dogs, nine in horses, two in donkeys, and one in cats were identified. TU usually involved 2\u20136 treatments weekly for up to 4 weeks. Articles on tendon, ligament, and bone healing, acute aseptic arthritis, osteoarthritis, paraparesis, hindquarter weakness, and back muscle pain were identified. In experimental bone lesions in dogs, there is moderate scientific evidence for enhanced healing. For the treatment of other musculoskeletal conditions, the scientific evidence is insufficient due to the high risk of bias. There is substantial evidence that continuous TU increases tissue temperature in muscles and tendons by up to 5 \u00b0C in healthy animals. For disorders in tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints in sport and companion animals, there is insufficient evidence for the clinical effects of TU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T02:31:15Z","timestamp":1668479475000},"page":"3144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Therapeutic Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4593-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6710-4152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjell","family":"Asplund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, SE 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7903-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heli","family":"Hyyti\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millis, D.L., and Levine, D. (2014). Therapeutic ultrasound. Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, Saunders. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0309-2.00021-1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalal, J., and Leong, T.S.H. (2018). Microstreaming and its role in applications: A mini-review. Fluids, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/fluids3040093"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74770-5","article-title":"Interactions of Inertial Cavitation Bubbles with Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayers during Low-Frequency Sonophoresis","volume":"85","author":"Tezel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophys. 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