{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:35:37Z","timestamp":1784237737018,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007514","name":"University of Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRA_2020_88"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRA_2020_88"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial and protozoan agents can determine abortion and other reproductive disorders in domestic ruminants, but data regarding their occurrence in wild ruminants are scanty worldwide, including in Italy. The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan abortive agents in 72 spleen samples previously collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in mountain areas of Central Italy. All samples were collected and submitted to DNA extraction for other investigations. Molecular analyses were carried out on the DNA samples to detect Brucella spp., Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes,\u00a0Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Three (4.16%) roe deer resulted PCR positive for C. burnetii and one (1.38%) for T. gondii. These findings suggest that roe deer living in the investigated areas do not act as important reservoirs of the searched agents. However, the tested animals lived in a closed area without contact with domestic animals that are usually involved in the epidemiology of the investigated pathogens. Monitoring of wild ruminants is pivotal to verify changes in the epidemiological scenario from a One Health perspective, too.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:11:21Z","timestamp":1669000281000},"page":"3202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retrospective Molecular Survey on Bacterial and Protozoan Abortive Agents in Roe Deer (Capreolus\u00a0capreolus) from Central Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Valentina Virginia","family":"Ebani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Trebino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Guardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Struttura Semplice Section of Genoa-Portualit\u00e0, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, 16129 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Bertelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Cagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iolanda","family":"Altomonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vignola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambito Territoriale Caccia Massa (ATCMS), Largo Bonfigli 3\/5, Aulla, 54011 Massa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3301-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mancianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.03083","article-title":"Taxonomic Organization of the Family Brucellaceae Based on a Phylogenomic Approach","volume":"10","author":"Leclercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Badour, M.M. (2015). Risk Factors for Brucella spp. in Domestic and Wild Animals. Updates on Brucellosis, IntechOpen. Available online: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/49295."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-48.2.488","article-title":"Chlamydiosis: Seroepidemiologic survey in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) population in Italy","volume":"48","author":"Donati","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"140","author":"Angelakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.3.699","article-title":"Prevalence and Serovars of Salmonella in the Feces of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nebraska","volume":"42","author":"Renter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2015.1063023","article-title":"Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: A comprehensive review","volume":"35","author":"Dhama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.004","article-title":"Neosporosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Sarcocystosis in Ruminants: An Update","volume":"36","author":"Lindsay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)01035-7","article-title":"A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis","volume":"67","author":"Dubey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-06","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum","volume":"20","author":"Dubey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109664","article-title":"The involvement of protozoan parasites in sheep abortions\u2014A ten-year review of diagnostic results","volume":"303","author":"Savitsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.11.001","article-title":"Control of human toxoplasmosis","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03192672","article-title":"Age determination in roe deer\u2014A new approach to tooth wear evaluated on known age individuals","volume":"51","author":"Hoye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Theriol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1238-3","article-title":"Detection of Brucella sp. infection through serological, microbiological, and molecular methods applied to buffaloes in Maranh\u00e3o State, Brazil","volume":"49","author":"Chaves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berri, M., Rekiki, A., Boumedine, K.S., and Rodolakis, A. (2009). Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant\u2019s clinical samples using multiplex PCR. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-130"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"63","article-title":"Virulotyping of seafood associated Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from Southwest coast of India","volume":"1","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Artic. Biotechnol. Bioinf. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.8.1646","article-title":"A validated PCR-based method to detect Listeria monocytogenes using raw milk as a food model--towards an international standard","volume":"67","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.11.2850-2852.1996","article-title":"Diagnosis of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection by PCR and DNA hybridization immunoassay","volume":"34","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"634","article-title":"Comparison of PCR detection methods for B1, P30, and 18s rDNA genes of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor","volume":"41","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.007","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the milk of naturally infected ewes","volume":"177","author":"Camossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2003.41.1.1","article-title":"Review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis in animals","volume":"41","author":"Dubey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrucci, S., Guardone, L., Altomonte, I., Salari, F., Nardoni, S., Martini, M., and Mancianti, F. (2021). Apicomplexan Protozoa Responsible for Reproductive Disorders: Occurrence of DNA in Blood and Milk of Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Minireview of the Related Literature. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020111"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebani, V.V., Guardone, L., Bertelloni, F., Perrucci, S., Poli, A., and Mancianti, F. (2021). Survey on the Presence of Bacterial and Parasitic Zoonotic Agents in the Feces of Wild Birds. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8090171"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.1.1.5","article-title":"Birds, migration and emerging zoonoses: West nile virus, lyme disease, influenza A and enteropathogens","volume":"1","author":"Reed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12581","article-title":"Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2022, September 20). Bollettino Nazionale Epidemiologico Veterinario. Available online: https:\/\/www.izs.it\/BENV_NEW\/territori-ufficialmente-indenni_en.html."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"157","article-title":"Reemergence of Brucella melitensis in wildlife, France","volume":"20","author":"Hars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005003","article-title":"From the discovery of the Malta fever\u2019s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis","volume":"36","author":"Godfroid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1439.005","article-title":"Infectious disease in cervids of North America","volume":"1134","author":"Conner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.08.009","article-title":"Molecular characterization and ovine live vaccine 1B evaluation toward a Chlamydophila abortus strain isolated from springbok antelope abortion","volume":"103","author":"Berri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.1.127","article-title":"Serological investigation for some bacterial and viral pathogens in fallow deer (Cervus dama) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) of the San Rossore preserve, Tuscany, Italy","volume":"24","author":"Giovannini","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"537","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic investigations in the Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) of Piz Albris in the canton of Grigioni (Switzerland)","volume":"137","author":"Giacometti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.1.35","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Chlamydial infections of wild ruminants in Spain","volume":"36","author":"Plaza","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.10.001","article-title":"High prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydophila abortus in wild ungulates using two \u201cin house\u201d blocking-ELISA tests","volume":"135","author":"Salinas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.2.399","article-title":"Mortality in captive elk from salmonellosis","volume":"37","author":"Foreyt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trotta, A., Del Sambro, L., Galgano, M., Ciccarelli, S., Ottone, E., Simone, D., Parisi, A., Buonavoglia, D., and Corrente, M. (2021). Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae Associated with an Abscess in Young Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus). Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060654"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02651-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02651-20","article-title":"Listeria spp. Isolated from Tonsils of Wild Deer and Boars: Genomic Characterization","volume":"87","author":"Moura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.2061","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes in Different Specimens from Healthy Red Deer and Wild Boars","volume":"13","author":"Weindl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.122.12.274","article-title":"An outbreak of meningo-encephalitis in fallow deer caused by Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"122","author":"Eriksen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"545","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes subtypes associated with mortality among fallow deer (Dama dama)","volume":"30","author":"Tham","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2016.06.003","article-title":"Molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus)","volume":"47","author":"Ebani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110580","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii infection in roe deer during Q fever epidemic, the Netherlands","volume":"17","author":"Rijks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.05.046","article-title":"Molecular investigation of the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in wildlife and ticks in an endemic area","volume":"147","author":"Astobiza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12179","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii Shedding by Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)","volume":"62","author":"Caro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12780","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of Toxoplasma gondii in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe","volume":"68","author":"Fanelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-07-176","article-title":"Effect of different ecosystems and management practices on Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in wild ruminants in Spain","volume":"52","author":"Rubio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.016","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in wildlife: Common parasites in Belgian foxes and Cervidae?","volume":"178","author":"Speybroeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06355-1","article-title":"Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and association with early pregnancy and abortion rates in New Zealand farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)","volume":"118","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stollberg, K.C., Schares, G., Mayer-Scholl, A., Hrushetska, I., Diescher, S., Johne, A., Richter, M.H., and Bier, N.S. (2021). Comparison of Direct and Indirect Toxoplasma gondii Detection and Genotyping in Game: Relationship and Challenges. Microorganisms., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081663"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guardone, L., Armani, A., Mancianti, F., and Ferroglio, E. (2022). A Review on Alaria alata, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp. in Mammalian Game Meat Consumed in Europe: Epidemiology, Risk Management and Future Directions. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030263"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"309","article-title":"Epidemiologic and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Venison: 2009\u20132020","volume":"107","author":"Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.03.010","article-title":"Sero-prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild cervids in Denmark","volume":"17","author":"Stensgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.028","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in roe deer from Spain","volume":"153","author":"Gamarra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.051","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden","volume":"177","author":"Malmsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1126R.1","article-title":"Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild ruminants from the countryside or captivity in the Czech Republic","volume":"93","author":"Pavlik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1141365","article-title":"A study of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibody seroprevalence in healthy cattle in the Czech Republic","volume":"22","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky122","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in sheep, goats, and fallow deer farmed on the same area","volume":"96","author":"Moskwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"84","article-title":"Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Czech Republic","volume":"23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2630","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Five Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/22\/3202\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:31Z","timestamp":1760145691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/22\/3202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12223202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12223202","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]}}}