{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:02:02Z","timestamp":1789664522011,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2021C02068-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02068-10"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding","award":["CARS-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding","award":["2021C02068-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02068-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and the intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing ducks. A total of 640 1-day-old healthy Shaoxing ducks of similar body weight were randomly divided into two treatment groups with eight replicates each and forty ducks per replicate. The ducks were fed a basal diet (Ctrl) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.15% compound probiotics (CP) for 125 d. The results revealed that the live body weight (BW; day 85 and 125) and the average daily gain (ADG; 28\u201385 and 85\u2013125 d) of the CP group were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of the Ctrl group. In the CP group, total protein and total cholesterol contents were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on days 28 and 85, while triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein contents were significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) on day 85. Furthermore, interferon-\u03b3 content was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the CP group on days 28, 85, and 125. Interleukin-2 content was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the CP group on days 28 and 85. Interleukin-4 content was significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) in the CP group on day 85. Moreover, in the CP group, superoxide dismutase content was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on days 28 and 125, and glutathione peroxidase content was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on day 125. The crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum of the CP group was significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) on days 28 and 125, whereas the villus height (VH) in the jejunum of the CP group was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on days 85 and 125. The VH\/CD ratio in the ileum of the CP group was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on days 28 and 85. The VH in the ileum of the CP group was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) on day 28. The CD in the ileum of the CP group was significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) on day 28. In summary, the compound probiotics improved the growth performance, increased serum biochemical and immune indices, increased antioxidant capacity, and improved the intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing ducks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:11:21Z","timestamp":1669000281000},"page":"3219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical and Immune Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Shaoxing Duck"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hanxue","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, P., Zeng, T., Yang, H., Chen, G., Du, J., Chen, L., Shen, J., Tao, Z., Wang, P., and Yang, L. 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