{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:05:34Z","timestamp":1772658334123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil)"},{"name":"Bahia State Research Foundation (FAPESB)"},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel\/Program for Institutional Internationalization (CAPES PrInt-Brazil)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to determine the optimal inclusion level of sunflower cake (0, 90, 180, and 270 g\/kg total DM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal and corn ground in young bulls\u2019 diets by examining nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, metabolic serum profile, growth performance, and carcass traits. Thirty-two intact Nellore bulls (BW 374 \u00b1 42.5) were distributed in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 90 days. The final BW of the animals was 515.25 \u00b1 24.7. There was a linear decrease effect in the intake of DM, crude protein and nonfibrous carbohydrates, eating and rumination efficiency, N-urinary, N-total excretion, and blood urea nitrogen. Sunflower cake did not affect the NDF digestibility, nitrogen (N)-fecal excretion, blood metabolites, Longissimus lumborum muscle area, or subcutaneous fat deposition. There were linear and quadratic effects on the eating and rumination time, microbial protein production and efficiency, gamma-glutamyl transferase and cholesterol serum concentrations, and muscle carcass tissue. There was a quadratic effect on ether extract intake, final BW, and total gain with the inclusion of sunflower cake in the young bull\u2019s diet. The replacement of soybean meal and corn ground with sunflower cake at the level of 90 g\/kg of DM in the diet of young bulls is recommended because it reduces the DM intake and digestibility, increases microbial protein synthesis and muscle tissue deposition, and consequently improves the performance, feed efficiency, and carcass traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T02:55:51Z","timestamp":1669172151000},"page":"3243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sunflower Cake from the Biodiesel Industry in the Diet Improves the Performance and Carcass Traits of Nellore Young Bulls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vinicius","family":"da Silva Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Analivia M.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8603-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ederson A.","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7437-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gercino F.","family":"Virginio J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9569-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago V. C.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Sert\u00e3o, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Gl\u00f3ria 49680-000, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo W. D.","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarbas M.","family":"da Silva J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elz\u00e2nia S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilson R.","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58700-000, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Nutritional value of byproducts from agricultural industries for feeding of ruminants","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comun. 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