{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:09:34Z","timestamp":1790424574297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is a condition that causes respiratory distress in newborns due to occlusion and airway inflammation, and surfactant inactivation by meconium. This condition has been described in animal species such as canids, sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, and marine mammals. In its pathogenesis, the pulmonary epithelium activates a limited inflammatory response initiated by cytokines causing leukocyte chemotaxis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and pathogen destruction. Likewise, cytokines release participates in the apoptosis processes of pneumocytes due to the interaction of angiotensin with cytokines and the caspase pathway. Due to these reactions, the prevalent signs are lung injury, hypoxia, acidosis, and pneumonia with susceptibility to infection. Given the importance of the pathophysiological mechanism of meconium aspiration syndrome, this review aims to discuss the relevance of the syndrome in veterinary medicine. The inflammatory processes caused by meconium aspiration in animal models will be analyzed, and the cellular apoptosis and biochemical processes of pulmonary surfactant inactivation will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1669609876000},"page":"3310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Animal Models: Inflammatory Process, Apoptosis, and Surfactant Inactivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mota-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Villanueva-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mota-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, TecSalud, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Orihuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4271-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1584-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8382-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Casas-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Flores-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseline","family":"Jacome-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Burnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20181485","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1485","article-title":"Delivery room management of meconium-stained newborns and respiratory support","volume":"142","author":"Chiruvolu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meconium aspiration syndrome in mammals","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"CAB Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.265","article-title":"Meconium-induced inflammation and surfactant inactivation: Specifics of molecular mechanisms","volume":"79","author":"Kopincova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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