{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:05:10Z","timestamp":1760151910636,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MembraPure GmbH"},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is one of the most common diseases of aged horses and ponies. In Parkinson\u2019s disease, which is, similar to PPID, a disease that involves oxidative damage to dopaminergic pathways but with different clinical signs, alterations to the serum amino acid profile have been reported. To examine changes in the plasma amino acid profile in horses with PPID, EDTA plasma of horses that were presented for various reasons that required laboratory examinations of blood anticoagulated with EDTA was collected. With this plasma, the basal ACTH concentration as well as the amino acid profile was determined. Horses were considered PPID patients if the ACTH concentration was \u2265 100 pg\/mL, i.e., they would be considered affected at any time. Horses were defined as non-PPID (nPPID) patients if the ACTH concentration was below 30 pg\/mL. Horses receiving pergolide with ACTH \u2264 30 pg\/mL were allocated to the group PPIDrr (PPID, ACTH in reference range) and horses receiving pergolide with ACTH \u2265 100 pg\/mL to the group PPIDarr (PPID, ACTH above reference range). In total, 93 horses were examined, including 88 horses at the clinic and 5 horses at a private practice. Of these, 53 horses fulfilled the inclusion criteria (ACTH \u2264 30 pg\/mL or ACTH \u2265 100 pg\/mL). A total of 25 horses were diagnosed as nPPID, 20 as PPID, 5 as PPIDrr, and 3 as PPIDarr. Arginine was significantly higher in PPIDrr than in PPID and nPPID, asparagine was significantly higher in PPID, PPIDrr, and PPIDarr than in nPPID, citrulline was significantly higher in PPIDrr than in nPPID and PPID, cysteine was significantly lower in PPIDrr than in PPID, nPPID, and PPIDarr, and glutamine was significantly higher in PPID and PPIDarr than in nPPID. Especially, asparagine, citrulline, and glutamine may be potential diagnostic markers and may offer interesting approaches for research regarding amino supplementation in PPID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1669609876000},"page":"3315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Plasma Amino Acids in Horses Suffering from Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sabita Diana","family":"Stoeckle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MembraPure GmbH, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roswitha","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidrun","family":"Gehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.99","article-title":"Assessment of clinical characteristics, management practices, and activities of geriatric horses","volume":"223","author":"Brosnahan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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