{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:54:17Z","timestamp":1785164057636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["32160254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160254"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["2019HB013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019HB013"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young &amp; Elite Talents Project","award":["32160254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160254"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young &amp; Elite Talents Project","award":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young &amp; Elite Talents Project","award":["2019HB013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019HB013"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Provincial Middle-Young Academic and Technical Leader candidate","award":["32160254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160254"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Provincial Middle-Young Academic and Technical Leader candidate","award":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNRC-2019-047"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Provincial Middle-Young Academic and Technical Leader candidate","award":["2019HB013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019HB013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phenotype plasticity of animals\u2019 physiological characteristics is an important survival strategy to cope with environmental changes, especially the change in climate factors. Small mammals that inhabit seasonally changing environments often face the stress of food shortage in winter. This study measured and compared the thermogenic characteristics and related physiological indicators in the adenosine-5\u2032-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in Eothenomys miletus between Kunming (KM, n = 18) and Dali (DL, n = 18) under food restriction and refeeding. The results showed that food restriction and the region have significant effects on body mass, the resting metabolic rate (RMR), hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression, ghrelin levels in the stomach and serum, serum leptin level and the activity of AMPK, and malonyl CoA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) activity. Food restriction reduced the body mass, the gene expression of neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcription peptide (CART), and leptin level. However, the ghrelin concentration and AMPK activity increased. After refeeding, there was no difference in these physiological indexes between the food restriction and control groups. Moreover, the physiological indicators also showed regional differences, such as the body mass, POMC and CART gene expression, ghrelin concentration in the stomach and serum, and AMPK activity in DL changed more significantly. All these results showed that food restriction reduces energy metabolism in E. miletus. After refeeding, most of the relevant physiological indicators can return to the control level, indicating that E. miletus has strong phenotypic plasticity. Ghrelin, leptin, and the AMPK pathway play an important role in the energy metabolism of E. miletus under food restriction. Moreover, regional differences in physiological indicators under food restriction may be related to the different temperatures or food resources in different regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"3333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Roles of Ghrelin and Leptin in Body Mass Regulation under Food Restriction Based on the AMPK Pathway in the Red-Backed Vole, Eothenomys miletus, from Kunming and Dali Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6008-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming 650106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanlong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2460","article-title":"Phylogenetic and environmental components of morphological variation: Skull, mandible, and molar shape in Marmots (Marmota, Rodentia)","volume":"59","author":"Caumul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813447115","article-title":"Benefits of phenotypic plasticity for population growth in varying environments","volume":"115","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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