{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1775562907592,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The adequate expression of cytokines is essential for the prevention and healing of bovine endometrial inflammation. This study investigated the intra-uterine concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)1B and its antagonist IL1RA in cows with and without subclinical endometritis (SE). Samples were taken from 37 uteri at the abattoir and 26 uteri in vivo. Uterine secretion samples were classified as showing no signs of SE (SEneg; polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) &lt; 5%) or showing signs of SE (SEpos; PMN \u2265 5%). Concentrations and ratios for IL1B and IL1RA were measured using a commercial and a newly established AlphaLISA kit, respectively. In both groups, a higher concentration of IL1B was detected in the SEpos group compared with the SEneg group (abattoir: p = 0.027; in vivo p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the concentration of IL1RA (p &gt; 0.05). In uterine secretion samples retrieved in vivo, a lower IL1RA\/IL1B ratio was detected in the SEpos group compared with the SEneg group (p = 0.002). The results of this study highlight the important role of IL1B and IL1RA during endometritis and the potential of the IL1RA\/IL1B ratio as a possible biomarker for SE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T05:45:22Z","timestamp":1669787122000},"page":"3363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is the IL1RA\/IL1B Ratio a Suitable Biomarker for Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Kneidl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Deborah","family":"Marth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6928-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury","family":"Zablotski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anika Luzia","family":"Helfrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone Tamara","family":"Schabmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Katharina","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Petzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holm","family":"Zerbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Margarete","family":"Meyerholz-Wohllebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. 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