{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T18:12:09Z","timestamp":1786817529356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development","award":["PJ016210012022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ016210012022"]}]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development","award":["NNIBR202202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR202202109"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","award":["PJ016210012022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ016210012022"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","award":["NNIBR202202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR202202109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut health has been attracting attention in the livestock industry as several studies suggest that it is a crucial factor for growth performance and general health status in domestic animals, including broiler chickens. Previously, antibiotics were widely used to improve livestock growth, but their use is now prohibited due to serious problems related to antibiotic resistance. Thus, finding new feed additives to replace antibiotics is drawing attention. Probiotics are representative feed additives and many beneficial effects on broiler chickens have been reported. However, many probiotic studies are focused on productivity only, and there are insufficient studies related to the gut environment, especially gut immunity and gut microbiome. In this study, we conducted an animal experiment using Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 to determine whether it has beneficial effects on gut immunity and microbiome. To evaluate the effects of NSMJ56 supplementation, newly hatched Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed an NSMJ56-containing diet for 10 days, and growth performance, antioxidant indicators, gut morphology, gut immunity-related parameters, and gut microbiome were analyzed. Flow cytometry analysis results revealed that NSMJ56 treatment increased CD4+ T cells and decreased CD8+ T cells in small intestine lamina propria and decreased IL1b and IL10 gene expression in small intestine tissue. In the microbiome analysis, NSMJ56 treatment increased the alpha diversity indices and led to three enriched genera: Massilimicrobiota, Anaerotignum, and Coprococcus. This study suggests that NSMJ56 supplementation has regulatory effects on gut immunity and microbiome in early-age broiler chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T04:10:02Z","timestamp":1670213402000},"page":"3413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Modulatory Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain NSMJ56 on Gut Immunity and Microbiome in Early-Age Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sang Seok","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June Hyeok","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Yong","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-6815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Hyun","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Cheol","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changsu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myunghoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Mirayng 50463, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.19600","article-title":"The potential role of probiotics (nutraceuticals) in gut health of domestic animals; an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters","volume":"69","author":"Nawab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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