{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T10:06:26Z","timestamp":1788602786267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq\u2014National Council for Scientific and Technological Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Farm animals are exposed to various painful procedures during their productive lives, making it necessary to implement anesthetic and analgesic protocols. However, there are few studies evaluating the effectiveness of these drugs. Our objective was to compare the analgesic effects of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): meloxicam (MEL) and flunixin meglumine (FLU), in goat kids subjected to surgical castration under local anesthesia. Anglo-Nubian goat kids (60 days old) were allocated into two groups: MEL (n = 9), and FLU (n = 8), each administered 5 min before starting castration. All had been previously subjected to local anesthesia with lidocaine, injected bilaterally into the testes, plus subcutaneous in the scrotal raphe. Pain sensitivity was evaluated using the von Frey monofilaments test. Reactions were recorded before castration (M0), immediately after castration (M1), and once-daily for three consecutive days post-castration (M2, M3, and M4, respectively). Pain assessments were conducted in three body regions: at four points of the scrotum (dorsal and ventral; left and right lateral; R1); medial region of the pelvic limb, gracilis muscle (R2); and hypogastric region of the abdomen (R3). MEL goats had considerably greater pain reaction in R1 and R2 over time, mainly in M2; therefore, FLU was a more effective analgesic than MEL, resulting in less pain reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:55:39Z","timestamp":1670295339000},"page":"3437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Flunixin Meglumine Is Superior to Meloxicam for Providing Analgesia after Surgical Castration in 2-Month-Old Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Brusin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3R 1J3, Canada"},{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ethology and Animal Ecology Research Group (ETCO), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Camila","family":"Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3R 1J3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8522-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique Esteves","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Animal Biotechnology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Camille","family":"Rocha G\u00f3is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3R 1J3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Tessarine Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ethology and Animal Ecology Research Group (ETCO), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo dos Santos","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Animal Biotechnology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0088-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Jose Rodrigues","family":"Paranhos da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ethology and Animal Ecology Research Group (ETCO), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"UNESP, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"CNPq\u2014National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Bras\u00edlia 71605-001, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e643","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000643","article-title":"The International Association for the Study of Pain Definition of Pain: As Valid in 2018 as in 1979, but in Need of Regularly Updated Footnotes","volume":"3","author":"Treede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00031","article-title":"Dysregulated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function Contributes to Altered Endocrine and Neurobehavioral Responses to Acute Stress","volume":"6","author":"Kinlein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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