{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:41:16Z","timestamp":1788374476473,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research, Development Programs of Science and Technology, Project of Gansu Province","award":["20YF8WA031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YF8WA031"]}]},{"name":"Key Research, Development Programs of Science and Technology, Project of Gansu Province","award":["1610322022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610322022007"]}]},{"name":"Key Research, Development Programs of Science and Technology, Project of Gansu Province","award":["25-LZHIPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZHIPS-01"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["20YF8WA031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YF8WA031"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["1610322022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610322022007"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["25-LZHIPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZHIPS-01"]}]},{"name":"agriculture science and technology innovation Program","award":["20YF8WA031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YF8WA031"]}]},{"name":"agriculture science and technology innovation Program","award":["1610322022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610322022007"]}]},{"name":"agriculture science and technology innovation Program","award":["25-LZHIPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZHIPS-01"]}]},{"name":"international science and technology cooperation base of herbivorous livestock breeding in Gansu province","award":["20YF8WA031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YF8WA031"]}]},{"name":"international science and technology cooperation base of herbivorous livestock breeding in Gansu province","award":["1610322022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610322022007"]}]},{"name":"international science and technology cooperation base of herbivorous livestock breeding in Gansu province","award":["25-LZHIPS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-LZHIPS-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An urgent need to boost the sustainability and efficiency of animal production exists, owing to the growing global population. Enhancing the global fertility of animals, especially cattle, is essential to ameliorate this issue. Artificial insemination and sperm cryopreservation have a considerable and favorable influence on the quantity and quality of the cattle produced. Sperm cryopreservation is crucial for livestock production because it promotes and accelerates genetic diversity and the worldwide dispersion of animals with enhanced genetics. Owing to the importance of cryobiology in reproductive technologies, researchers are developing new approaches, and they are testing cryoprotectant drugs to enhance sperm cryosurvival. However, the viability of sperm after freezing is low and widely varies across breeding yaks. These faults are crucial because they impede advances in reproductive biotechnology and the study of mammalian gametes at a fundamental level. Using chemicals, researchers have developed and enhanced various extenders with varying degrees of efficiency to reduce cryodamage and oxidative stress. In this article, we review the cryopreservation of yak semen, the development of extenders, the difficulties faced during cryopreservation, and the evaluation of semen quality using various methodologies. This review might be helpful for researchers exploring semen cryopreservation in the future, as demand for enhanced cryopreservation exists to boost the post-thaw viability and fertility of sperm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12243451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T06:22:18Z","timestamp":1670394138000},"page":"3451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cryopreservation of Yak Semen: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qudratullah","family":"Kalwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid Ali","family":"Korejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidayatullah","family":"Soomro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00674-4","article-title":"Current status of sperm cryopreservation: Why isn't it better?","volume":"57","author":"Medeiros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03268.x","article-title":"Semen cryopreservation in domestic animals: A damaging and capacitating phenomenon","volume":"21","author":"Bailey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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