{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:54:57Z","timestamp":1785336897021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Candioli Pharma S.r.l."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2\/CSL (L-1 \u00d7 109 cfu\/kg feed\/day) on biochemical parameters, faecal score (FS), cecal pH, gut morphometry, microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in rabbits. Three zootechnical trials were performed and in each trial 30 rabbits were allotted to two groups; a probiotic group (L) and a control group (C). At slaughter (day 45), samples of blood, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and spleen were collected and submitted to histomorphometric analyses. Blood biochemical analyses, cecal microbiota and SCFAs determination were also performed. In trial 1 and 3, L. acidophilus D2\/CSL did not affect productive parameters (p &gt; 0.05). However, L group of trial 1 showed a lower morbidity and mortality compared to the control. In trial 2, C group showed a higher daily feed intake (p = 0.018) and a positive statistical tendency for live weight and average daily gain (p = 0.068). On the contrary, albumin was higher and ALFA-1 globulin was lower in the C group compared to L (p &lt; 0.05). In all the trials, FS, cecal pH, histomorphometry, microbiota and SCFAs were unaffected. In conclusion, L. acidophilus D2\/CSL did not impair growth performances, gut and rabbit\u2019s health, reducing morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12243543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T03:01:51Z","timestamp":1671073311000},"page":"3543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Blood Parameters and Gut Health of Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Colombino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Biasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberta","family":"Michetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9540-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Franciosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Giribaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Bergagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, 10154 Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2332-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Paliasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, 10154 Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilario","family":"Ferrocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cavallarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1829-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Capucchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2014.01.010","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology of Select Exotic Companion Mammals","volume":"17","author":"Kohles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e4uerl, C., Collado, M.C., Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, M., Blas, E., and Mart\u00ednez, G.P. (2014). Changes in Cecal Microbiota and Mucosal Gene Expression Revealed New Aspects of Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105707"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2016.1174126","article-title":"Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Chinchilla Rabbits","volume":"45","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kylie, J., Weese, J.S., and Turner, P.V. (2018). Comparison of the Fecal Microbiota of Domestic Commercial Meat, Laboratory, Companion, and Shelter Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculi). BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1464-6"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bischoff, S.C. (2011). \u201cGut Health\u201d: A New Objective in Medicine?. BMC Med., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-24"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817615","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.817615","article-title":"Heat Stress Affects Faecal Microbial and Metabolic Alterations of Rabbits","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Shawi, S.G., Dang, D.S., Yousif, A.Y., Al-Younis, Z.K., Najm, T.A., and Matarneh, S.K. (2020). The Potential Use of Probiotics to Improve Animal Health, Efficiency, and Meat Quality: A Review. Agriculture, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10100452"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"49","article-title":"The Review on the Function of Intestinal Flora and the Regulatory Effects of Probiotics on the Intestinal Health of Rabbits","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 2nd International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology (BST 2017)"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12293","article-title":"The Life History of Lactobacillus Acidophilus as a Probiotic: A Tale of Revisionary Taxonomy, Misidentification and Commercial Success","volume":"349","author":"Bull","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehata, A.A., Yal\u00e7\u0131n, S., Latorre, J.D., Basiouni, S., Attia, Y.A., El-Wahab, A.A., Visscher, C., El-Seedi, H.R., Huber, C., and Hafez, H.M. (2022). Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phytogenic Substances for Optimizing Gut Health in Poultry. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020395"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252316000207","article-title":"Alternatives to Antibiotics for Maximizing Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency in Poultry: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Amber, K., Yakout, H., and Hamed Rawya, S. (2004, January 7\u201310). Feeding Diets Containing Yucca Extract or Probiotic on Growth, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and Caecal Microbial Activity of Growing New Zealand Rabbits. Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, Puebla, Mexico."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2015.31859","article-title":"Effect of Prebiotic and Probiotic on Growth, Immuno-Hematological Responses and Biochemical Parameters of Infected Rabbits with Pasteurella Multocida","volume":"28","author":"Abdelhady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benha Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.17221\/8559-CJAS","article-title":"Effect of Rabbit-Origin Enterocin-Producing Probiotic Strain Enterococcus Faecium CCM7420 Application on Growth Performance and Gut Morphometry in Rabbits","volume":"60","year":"2015","journal-title":"Czech J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.017","article-title":"Growth Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Caecal Fermentation, Ileal Morphology and Caecal Microflora of Growing Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Probiotics and Prebiotics","volume":"157","author":"Oso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadja, L., Dib, A.L., Lakhdara, N., Bouaziz, A., Espigares, E., and Gagaoua, M. (2021). Influence of Three Probiotics Strains, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg, Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis Bb-12 and Saccharomyces Boulardii Cncm i-745 on the Biochemical and Haematological Profiles and Body Weight of Healthy Rabbits. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111194"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"153","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Probiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Some Blood Parameters and Carcass Quality of Growing Rabbits","volume":"34","author":"Soltan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alex. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rccp.v31n2a06","article-title":"Nitrate Detoxification Using Antioxidants and Probiotics in the Water for Rabbits","volume":"31","author":"Attia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. De Cienc. Pecu."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txab096","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab096","article-title":"Growth Indices, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Blood Profile of Rabbits Fed Probiotics- and Prebiotics-Supplemented Diets","volume":"5","author":"Nwachukwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0973","article-title":"Orally Administered Lactobacillus Casei Exhibited Several Probiotic Properties in Artificially Suckling Rabbits","volume":"33","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0823","article-title":"Effects of Probiotic Supplement (Bacillus Subtilis and Lactobacillus Acidophilus) on Feed Efficiency, Growth Performance, and Microbial Population of Weaning Rabbits","volume":"30","author":"Phuoc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd El-Hamid, M.I., Ibrahim, D., Hamed, R.I., Nossieur, H.H., Elbanna, M.H., Baz, H., Abd-Allah, E.M., el Oksh, A.S.A., Ibrahim, G.A., and Khalifa, E. (2022). Modulatory Impacts of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Rabbits\u2019 Growth, Nutrient Transporters, Tight Junctions and Immune System to Fight against Listeria Monocytogenes Infection. Animal, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162082"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Cesare, A., Sala, C., Castellani, G., Astolfi, A., Indio, V., Giardini, A., and Manfreda, G. (2020). Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus D2\/CSL (CECT 4529) Supplementation in Drinking Water on Chicken Crop and Caeca Microbiome. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228338"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Cesare, A., Sirri, F., Manfreda, G., Moniaci, P., Giardini, A., Zampiga, M., and Meluzzi, A. (2017). Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lactobacillus Acidophilus D2\/CSL (CECT 4529) on Caecum Microbioma and Productive Performance in Broiler Chickens. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176309"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew164","article-title":"Effects of Two Different Probiotics on Microflora, Morphology, and Morphometry of Gut in Organic Laying Hens","volume":"95","author":"Forte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03518","article-title":"Egg Quality and Productive Performance of Laying Hens Fed Different Levels of Skimmed Milk Powder Added to a Diet Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus","volume":"93","author":"Cesari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2008.27","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus D2\/CSL on Laying Hen Performance","volume":"7","author":"Gallazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12408","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bacillus Subtilis on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry and Immune Response of Organic Laying Hens","volume":"100","author":"Forte","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105434","article-title":"Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus D2\/CSL (CECT 4529) on the Nutritional and Health Status of Boxer Dogs","volume":"187","author":"Marelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000368","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2019-000368","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus D2\/CSL (CECT 4529) Supplementation on Healthy Cat Performance","volume":"6","author":"Fusi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Rec. Open"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"5274","article-title":"Guidance on the Assessment of the Efficacy of Feed Additives","volume":"16","author":"Authority","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.21608\/epsj.2019.46933","article-title":"Effect of Probiotics on Productive, Physiological and Microbiological Parameters of New Zealand White Rabbits Reared Under Hot Summer Conditions","volume":"39","author":"Hegab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt. Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Blas, C., and Wiseman, J. (2010). Nutrition of the Rabbit, CABI Publishing. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845936693.0000"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Pet Food Manufacturers Association (2022). Rabbit Size-O-Meter, Pet Food Manufacturers Association."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"845","article-title":"A Model for Clinical Evaluation of Perioperative Analgesia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)","volume":"49","author":"Weaver","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W., and Bruss, M.L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Academic Press. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0309-2","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Insect Fats on Growth Performance, Digestive Efficiency and Health of Rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Gasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of General 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene PCR Primers for Classical and Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Diversity Studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-Resolution Sample Inference from Illumina Amplicon Data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guantario, B., Giribaldi, M., Devirgiliis, C., Finamore, A., Colombino, E., Capucchio, M.T., Evangelista, R., Motta, V., Zinno, P., and Cirrincione, S. (2020). A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Bovine Milk Containing Different Beta-Casein Profiles on Gut Health of Ageing Mice. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072147"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(14)60827-3","article-title":"Effects of Exogenous Enzymes, Lactobacillus Acidophilus or Their Combination on Feed Performance Response and Carcass Characteristics of Rabbits Fed Sugarcane Bagasse","volume":"14","author":"Salem","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.05.011","article-title":"Fortification of Rabbit Diets with Vitamin E or Selenium Affects Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Status and Immune Response in Growing Rabbits","volume":"155","author":"Ebeid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.10.004","article-title":"Connection between Body Condition Score, Chemical Characteristics of Body and Reproductive Traits of Rabbit Does","volume":"116","author":"Cardinali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.21608\/ejnf.2018.75774","article-title":"Rabbit Growth, Carcass Characteristic, Digestion, Caecal Fermentation, Microflora, and Some Blood Biochemical Components Affected By Oral Administration of Anaerobic Probiotic (Zad\u00ae)","volume":"21","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Nutr. Feed."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2012.11.002","article-title":"Applications of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"16","author":"Melillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet.Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"423","article-title":"Influence of Jojoba Meal Treated with Lactobacillus Acidophilus on Digestibility, Carcass Traits and Blood Metabolites in Growing Rabbits","volume":"13","author":"Camacho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr. Feed. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.21608\/ejrs.2019.48188","article-title":"Impact of Probiotic (Lactobacillus planterium L.) Supplementation on Productive And Physiological Performance of Growing Rabbits under Egyptian Conditions","volume":"29","author":"Younis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"602","article-title":"Effects of Different Doses of Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on the Duodenal Mucosa in Rabbits","volume":"49","author":"Seyidoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001079","article-title":"Engineering the Rabbit Digestive Ecosystem to Improve Digestive Health and Efficacy","volume":"7","author":"Combes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cotozzolo, E., Cremonesi, P., Curone, G., Menchetti, L., Riva, F., Biscarini, F., Marongiu, M.L., Castrica, M., Castiglioni, B., and Miraglia, D. (2020). Characterization of Bacterial Microbiota Composition along the Gastrointestinal Tract in Rabbits. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010031"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02144","article-title":"Rabbit Microbiota Changes throughout the Intestinal Tract","volume":"9","author":"Piles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802866","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1802866","article-title":"Gut Microbes from the Phylogenetically Diverse Genus Eubacterium and Their Various Contributions to Gut Health","volume":"12","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nan, W., Si, H., Yang, Q., Shi, H., Zhang, T., Shi, Q., Li, G., Zhang, H., and Liu, H. (2021). Effect of Vitamin a Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Immunity Response and Gut Microbiota in American Mink (Neovison Vison). Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061577"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.21608\/ejrs.2018.46510","article-title":"Effect of Early Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic and Feed Restriction Post Weaning on Productive and Economical Performance of Growing Rabbits","volume":"28","author":"Beshara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancini, S., and Paci, G. (2021). Probiotics in Rabbit Farming: Growth Performance, Health Status, and Meat Quality. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123388"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01835","article-title":"Effects of Gut Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) on Finishing Weight of Meat Rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"145","article-title":"Effect of Spray Application of Lactobacillus Plantarum on in Vivo Performance, Caecal Fermentations and Haematological Traits of Suckling Rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Bovera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/24\/3543\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:43Z","timestamp":1760146903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/24\/3543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12243543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12243543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]}}}