{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:28:24Z","timestamp":1781778504775,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH (Eltville, Germany)","award":["ISU020627.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISU020627.1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective was to determine the impact of feeding MCE on ruminal and intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of calves. A total of 10 male and 10 female crossbred (dairy \u00d7 beef) calves (6 d of age) were assigned randomly to control (CTL; n = 10) or MCE-supplemented (TRT; n = 10) groups. The MCE was fed in the milk replacer and top-dressed on the calf starter during pre-weaning (6 to 49 d) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d) periods, respectively. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d to collect rumen and intestinal samples to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, mucosal morphology, and microbiota composition. The effects of MCE were analyzed by accounting for the sex and breed effects. Feeding MCE increased rumen papillae length (p = 0.010) and intestinal villus height: crypt depth (p &lt; 0.030) compared to CTL but did not affect rumen VFA profile. The TRT had a negligible impact on microbial community composition in both the rumen and the jejunum. In conclusion, feeding MCE from birth through weaning can improve ruminal and small intestinal mucosa development of calves despite the negligible microbiota composition changes observed post-weaning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13010054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:55:21Z","timestamp":1671767721000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating Ruminal and Small Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Composition of Calves Fed a Macleaya cordata Extract Preparation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janaka","family":"Wickramasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiron J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8226-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can Ayhan","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock and Crop Production, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Gorden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio Rodrigues Borges","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytobiotics, Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Wallufer Str. 10a, D-65343 Eltville, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Dohms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytobiotics, Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Wallufer Str. 10a, D-65343 Eltville, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Rigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schmitz-Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranga","family":"Appuhamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16043391","article-title":"Seasonal variation of bioactive alkaloid contents in Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) 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