{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:26:28Z","timestamp":1787160388860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semen cryopreservation is very important in animal agriculture to maximize the number of daughters of genetically superior males and to distribute the cryopreserved semen of good males all over the world. However, the freezing process generates some damage to sperm that reduce their fertilizing ability after thawing. Moreover, egg yolk, which is the most common animal-origin cryoprotectant used in semen dilution, is considered a source of biosecurity risk. In the current study, we aimed to compare the replacement of egg yolk in the extender by gum arabic (5%) along with supplementation with antioxidant cysteine or ascorbic acid on semen quality and freezability in Noemi rams in vitro. Semen from six rams were collected with an artificial vagina two times per week. Semen evaluation parameters such as color, volume, pH, general motility, percentage motility, concentration and cell viability ratio were assessed. Spermatozoa motility and concentration were estimated with the computer-assisted semen analysis system. The semen samples were frozen using a Tris extender containing either 15% egg yolk or 5% gum arabic. For antioxidant-supplemented extenders, cysteine or ascorbic acid was dissolved at concentrations of 0.10, 0.50 or 1.0 mM in egg yolk or gum arabic extender. The semen from each ejaculate of each ram were resuspended with a specific extender with glycerol (5%); the final volume after dilution was 1 mL semen to 4 mL extender. The samples were then cooled to 4 \u00b0C for 120 min, loaded into 0.5 mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 7 days. Supplementation of gum arabic or egg yolk extenders for ram semen with antioxidants such as cysteine or ascorbic acid has beneficial effects on semen quality after cold storage or cryopreservation. However, supplementation of a 5% gum arabic extender with cysteine at 0.5 or 1 mM concentration or ascorbic acid at 0.5 mM concentration improved the quality of spermatozoa postcryopreservation. It could be concluded that gum arabic is a good alternative for egg yolk in Noemi ram semen extenders. Antioxidants are necessary to support the addition of gum arabic to the extender to help the ram spermatozoa to survive freezing\u2013thawing and oxidative stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:28:24Z","timestamp":1672205304000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Extenders Supplementation with Gum Arabic and Antioxidants on Ram Spermatozoa Quality after Cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shehab-El-Deen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Sharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.064113","article-title":"Cryopreservation of the germplasm of animals used in biological and medical research: Importance, impact, status, and future directions","volume":"78","author":"Mazur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. 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