{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:44:59Z","timestamp":1760147099990,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sugar beet pulp is a popular by-product of sugar extraction; however, it can potentially cause depletion of Ca availability due to its oxalic content. The experiment examined the effect of sugar beet pulp and anionic salts administration during the dry period on the serum concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and potassium of dairy sheep. Eighty-seven sheep were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) according to their body condition score (BCS) and age at 40 days before the expected lambing. All groups received alfalfa hay, mixed grass straw, and a concentrate supplement. The concentrate fed to groups B and C contained sugar beet pulp. The nutritional value fed to all three groups was similar, except for Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD). Animals of group A had a DCAD of +198 mEq\/kg, animals of group B of +188 mEq\/kg, and animals of group C were fed 20 gr\/d ammonium chloride to achieve a negative DCAD (\u221252 mEq\/kg). All groups were fed the same ration after lambing. Blood samples were collected 30 d, 20 d, 17 d, 14 d, 10 d, 7 d, and 4 d before lambing (a.p.), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 7 d, 10 d, and 15 d after lambing (p.p) for calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and potassium, and 30 d a.p., 7 d, and 15 d p.p. for beta hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) concentrations. Urine samples were also collected 20 d, 10 d, 4 d a.p., and 7 d p.p for the evaluation of pH levels. Ca levels of the control group decreased earlier and were lower at 4 d a.p. compared to those of group B and C. Additionally, the control group showed lower p values compared to group C at 20 d and 17 d a.p. P levels recovered earlier post parturition in young (age 1\u20131.5 years old) compared to older ewes. Group C had lower urine pH values throughout the pre-parturient period, reflecting the acidifying effect of the administered ammonium chloride, without any side effect on macromineral blood concentration. Feeding sugar beet pulp and systemic acidifying before parturition is considered safe and might even be beneficial in preventing hypocalcemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1673234758000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp and Anionic Salts on Metabolic Status and Mineral Homeostasis during the Peri-Parturient Period of Dairy Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Peleki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Kiosis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4039-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe S.","family":"Polizopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Fthenakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, P.O. Box 199, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nektarios D.","family":"Giadinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Brozos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7392804x","article-title":"Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation","volume":"73","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:107:3:247","article-title":"Serum Mineral Levels at Pregnancy and Postpartum in Single and Twin Pregnant Sheep","volume":"107","author":"Yildiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Element Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3074","article-title":"Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level","volume":"93","author":"Ospina","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252309990016","article-title":"Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows","volume":"10","author":"Sordillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Health. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Goff, J.P. (1999, January 8\u201310). Physiologic factors to consider in order to prevent periparturient disease in the dairy cow, with special emphasis on milk fever. Proceedings of the 3rd Western Dairy Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73762-X","article-title":"Models for Predicting Dry Matter Intake of Holsteins During the Prefresh Transition Period","volume":"86","author":"Hayirli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12035","article-title":"Insulin Sensitivity during Late Gestation in Ewes Affected by Pregnancy Toxemia and in Ewes with High and Low Susceptibility to this Disorder","volume":"27","author":"Duehlmeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.15979","article-title":"Associations of periparturient \u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids blood serum concentrations with milk yield, milk composition and milk somatic cells count of intensively managed Chios dairy ewes","volume":"69","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2014.05.001","article-title":"Associations of pre-lambing body condition score and serum \u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations with periparturient health of Chios dairy ewes","volume":"120","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.10.004","article-title":"Treatment and Control of Peri-Parturient Metabolic Diseases: Pregnancy Toxemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia","volume":"27","author":"Brozos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.06.019","article-title":"Evaluation of Precision Xceed\u00ae meter for on-site monitoring of blood \u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid and glucose concentrations in dairy sheep","volume":"93","author":"Panousis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"276","article-title":"Motility of the Rumen and Abomasum During Hypocalcaemia","volume":"47","author":"Daniel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.020","article-title":"The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows","volume":"176","author":"Goff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7158","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5812","article-title":"Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease","volume":"95","author":"Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(71)85783-1","article-title":"Beet Pulp as a Grain Replacement for Dairy Cows and Sheep","volume":"54","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effect of Dried Olive Oil By-Product Supplementation to Ration on The Performance of Local Ewes and Their Lambs","volume":"43","author":"Mustafa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isot. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"2871","article-title":"Nutritional studies on using sugar beet tops in animal feeding. 4- Fattening Friesian calves on different forms on sugar beet tops","volume":"17","author":"Bendary","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"73","article-title":"Oxalate (Rumex venosus) poisoning in cattle","volume":"173","author":"Dickie","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"199","article-title":"Hypocalcemia in Ossimi Sheep Associated with Feeding on Beet Tops (Beta vulgaris)","volume":"32","author":"Gaafar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76055-7","article-title":"Physiological Changes at Parturition and Their Relationship to Metabolic Disorders","volume":"80","author":"Goff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02784.x","article-title":"Phosphorus Homeostasis in Dairy Cows with Abomasal Displacement or Abomasal Volvulus","volume":"19","author":"Grunberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77140-X","article-title":"Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism in the Dairy Cow","volume":"77","author":"Horst","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17403","article-title":"Mineral supplements improve the calcium status of pregnant ewes grazing vegetative cereals","volume":"59","author":"Masters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"256","article-title":"Effects of partial replacement of barley with sugar beet pulp on pre-and post-partum performance of Zel ewes","volume":"41","author":"Kohestani","year":"2011","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30110-9","article-title":"Management of dry cows for the prevention of milk fever and other mineral disorders","volume":"16","author":"Oetzel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11370","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16805","article-title":"Measurement of urine pH and net acid excretion and their association with urine calcium excretion in periparturient dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Constable","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.124.9.217","article-title":"Periparturient diseases and their effect on reproductive performance of five dairy herds","volume":"124","author":"Borsberry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"559","article-title":"Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows","volume":"183","author":"Curtis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.06.003","article-title":"Macromineral disorders of the transition cow","volume":"20","author":"Goff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422417000257","article-title":"Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: Absorption and excertion","volume":"31","author":"Martens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72116-6","article-title":"Impact of Lowering Dietary Cation-Anion Difference in Nonlactating Dairy Cows: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"89","author":"Charbonneau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14769","article-title":"Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Lean","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"51","article-title":"Role of acid-base physiology on the pathogenesis of parturient hypocalcaemia (milk fever)\u2014The DCAD theory in principal and practice","volume":"97","author":"Goff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7467","article-title":"Diet-induced pseudohypoparathyroidism: Ahypocalcemia and milk fever risk factor","volume":"97","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.046","article-title":"Recent advances in physiological calcium homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.7.915","article-title":"Application of strong ion difference theory to urine and the relationship between urine pH and net acid excretion in cattle","volume":"70","author":"Constable","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(88)79935-X","article-title":"Ammonium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate for Prevention of Parturient Paresis in Dairy Cows","volume":"71","author":"Oetzel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2006.00832.x","article-title":"Effects of Age and Reproductive Stage on Certain Serum Biochemical Parameters of Chios Sheep Under Greek Rearing Conditions","volume":"53","author":"Roubies","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.029","article-title":"Milk fever in dairy cows: A review of pathophysiology and control principles","volume":"176","author":"DeGaris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7392820x","article-title":"Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow","volume":"73","author":"Grummer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5676","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5132","article-title":"Herd-level association of serum metabolites in the transition period with disease, milk production, and early lactation reproductive performance","volume":"95","author":"Chapinal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2005.00548.x","article-title":"Influence of different calcium concentrations in the diet on bone metabolism in growing dairy goats and sheep","volume":"89","author":"Liesegang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Jensen, R., Swift, B.L., and Kimberling, C.V. (1988). Diseases of ewes. Jensen and Swift\u2019s Diseases of Sheep, Lea & Febiger. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Radostits, O.M., and Done, S.H. (2007). Parturient paresis. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats, And Horses, Elsevier Saunders. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"345","article-title":"Study on ovine hypocalcaemia in ewes in central Ethiopia","volume":"151","author":"Woldemeskel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0304","article-title":"Quantitive prediction of magnesium absorption in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Schonewille","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Diary Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1989.67123445x","article-title":"Factors Influencing Magnesium Absorption and Metabolism in Ruminants","volume":"67","author":"Fontenot","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aitken, I. (2007). Deficiency of mineral macro-elements. Diseases of Sheep, Blackwell Publishing. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753316"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1093519","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia resulting from adrenaline infusion in ewes: Its relation to lipolysis","volume":"9","author":"Rayssiguier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547223","article-title":"The effects of insulin, glucose and catecholamines on some blood minerals in sheep","volume":"15","author":"Persson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(99)00049-8","article-title":"Changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters during prepartum and postpartum periods in female Baladi goats","volume":"34","author":"Azab","year":"1999","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30108-0","article-title":"Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphorus disorders","volume":"16","author":"Goff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1971.324789x","article-title":"Calcium and Magnesium Absorption in Growing Cattle as Influenced by Age of Animal and Source of Dietary Nitrogen","volume":"32","author":"Garces","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1954.177.3.383","article-title":"Effects of Age Upon the Physiological Behavior of Calcium in Cattle","volume":"177","author":"Hansard","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Leg. Content"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75355-5","article-title":"Hypocalcemia induced by intravenous administration of disodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate and its effects on excretion of calcium in urine of cows fed a high chloride diet","volume":"82","author":"Schonewille","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"497","article-title":"Effect of energy deficiency during late pregnancy in Chios Ewes on free fatty acids, \u03b2 hydroxybutyrate and urea metabolites","volume":"30","author":"Durak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2005.10.010","article-title":"Pregnancy impairs ketone body disposal in late gestating ewes: Implications for onset of pregnancy toxemia","volume":"81","author":"Harmeyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.12.002","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and lactation in German Blackheaded Mutton and Finn sheep ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia and in ewes with high and low susceptibilities to this disorder","volume":"96","author":"Duehlmeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2012.06.012","article-title":"Fluctuations in energy-related metabolites during the peri-parturition period in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes","volume":"109","author":"Raoofi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/2\/213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1760119296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/2\/213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ani13020213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13020213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}}}