{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:29:00Z","timestamp":1785446940916,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FPU fellowship AP2008-02034","award":["FPU fellowship AP2008-02034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU fellowship AP2008-02034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Purebred Spanish Horse, according to our clinical experience, is characterized by having a high number of stallions that do not meet the international commercial recommendations for equine-sperm cryopreservation. This means that artificial insemination with frozen semen from these stallions is less widespread than in other breeds. In this study, we investigated if the incorporation of single-layer colloidal centrifugation prior to cryopreservation in clinical conditions could increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish stallions suitable for this processing, observing the influence of centrifugation and freezing extender protocol on post-thawed sperm motility. Using colloidal centrifugation, the percentage of ejaculates available to be frozen was increased from 35% (6\/17) to 71% (12\/17), doubling the number of samples that could have been subjected to cryopreservation. We only found significant differences in linearity (LIN) and lateral head displacement (ALH) after 5 min of incubation at 37 \u00b0C between colloidal and simple centrifugation processing techniques. No significant differences were found between the two different colloidal protocols in any of the variables considered. Colloidal centrifugation allowed us to obtain, from worse fresh-quality ejaculates, thawed sperm doses with similar quality to that of good-quality ejaculates. BotuCrio\u00ae produced, in general, higher motility parameters and its characteristics than the other extenders analyzed, with significant differences found in comparison to Inra-Freeze\u00ae and Lac-Edta in both total (MOT) and progressive motility (PMOT) when using colloidal centrifugation and only in PMOT when applying simple centrifugation. Colloidal centrifugation optimized the efficiency of cryopreservation, as it allowed us to increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish Horses suitable to be frozen. Including these semen processing techniques in the freeze test could help to optimize equine-sperm cryopreservation protocols, especially when dealing with individuals or breeds for which initially low sperm quality prevents or limits their inclusion in sperm cryopreservation programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1674444401000},"page":"382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optimization of the Equine-Sperm Freeze Test in Purebred Spanish Horses by Incorporating Colloidal Centrifugation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Cepeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Militar de Cr\u00eda Caballar (CCFAA), C\/Arsenio Guti\u00e9rrez Palacios s\/n, 05005 \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Blazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Militar de Cr\u00eda Caballar (CCFAA), C\/Arsenio Guti\u00e9rrez Palacios s\/n, 05005 \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6713-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consuelo","family":"Serres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2006.07.002","article-title":"Advanced methods for handling and preparation of stallion semen","volume":"22","author":"Loomis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.11.010","article-title":"Commercial semen freezing: Individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols","volume":"105","author":"Loomis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. 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