{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:52:51Z","timestamp":1789095171299,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The research problem undertaken in this study is to determine the scale of infection of Eurasian blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus and Great tit Parus major and the biological diversity of their internal parasites, helminths. The aim of the study is to gain new knowledge about the structure of the helminth communities of the Eurasian blue tit and Great tit on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea during autumn migration to their wintering grounds. Helminths of tits were collected in 2008\u20132012 on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland. PAST v. 2.11 software was used for the calculations. Barcoding DNA was used to identify trematodes initially classified based on morphological characters to the genera Leucochloridium and Urogonimus. Cestodes Anonchotaenia globata were recorded for the first time in Poland. The Eurasian blue tit is a new host in Poland for three species of helminths: cestode Monosertum parinum and filarial nematodes, Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi, and Diplotriaena henryi. The Great tit is a new host in Poland for trematode Urogonimus macrostomus, cestode A. globata and M. parinum, and filarial nematode Diplotriaena obtusa. The nematode C. pavlovskyi was the species most frequently recorded in both host species. A high degree of similarity was found between the component communities and infracommunities of helminths in Eurasian blue tit and Great tit. The new information provided in this study has increased our knowledge of the transmission of helminths in Central Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T02:30:38Z","timestamp":1674786638000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Helminth Community Structure of Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Parus major (Paridae) during Their Autumn Migration on the Southern Baltic Coast"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Izabella","family":"Rz\u0105d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, W\u0105ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Szczecin, W\u0105ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Okulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5982-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rus\u0142an","family":"Sa\u0142amatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski University in Warsaw, Kazimierza W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Szenejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, W\u0105ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Szczecin, W\u0105ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4858-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigiusz","family":"Panicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 4 Kazimierza Kr\u00f3lewicza Street, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw K.","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bird Migration Research Station, University of Gda\u0144sk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Stapf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.17309.x","article-title":"The natural link between Europe and Africa\u20142.1 billion birds on migration","volume":"118","author":"Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0750-1","article-title":"The ecology of emerging infectious diseases in migratory birds: An assessment of the role of climate change and priorities for future research","volume":"9","author":"Fuller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02346.x","article-title":"Climate change increases the risk of malaria in birds","volume":"17","author":"Garamszegi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. 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