{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:54:39Z","timestamp":1792788879405,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programs of China","award":["2022YFD1300504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1300504"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programs of China","award":["kh2201234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kh2201234"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programs of China","award":["2019RS3022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RS3022"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Project of Changsha City","award":["2022YFD1300504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1300504"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Project of Changsha City","award":["kh2201234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kh2201234"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Project of Changsha City","award":["2019RS3022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RS3022"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2022YFD1300504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1300504"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["kh2201234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kh2201234"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2019RS3022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RS3022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effects of supplementing phytase and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPases) to corn\u2013soybean meal-based diet on the growth performance, trace element deposition, and intestinal health of growing\u2013finishing pigs. Fifty pigs were randomly assigned into the control (basal diet), phytase (basal diet + 100 g\/t of phytase), \u03b2-mannanase (basal diet + 40 g\/t of \u03b2-mannanase), \u03b2-glucanase (basal diet + 100 g\/t of \u03b2-glucanase), and xylanase (basal diet + 100 g\/t of xylanase) groups. The results show that the supplementation of phytase and NSPases had no impacts (p\u2009 &gt; \u20090.05) on the growth performance of pigs. Compared with the control group, pigs fed with xylanase had higher (p &lt; 0.05) Zn concentrations in the ileum and muscle and those fed with phytase had higher (p &lt; 0.05) Zn concentrations in the ileum. Phytase and xylanase supplementation decreased (p &lt; 0.05) fecal Zn concentrations in pigs compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, phytase, \u03b2-mannanase, \u03b2-glucanase, and xylanase supplementation up-regulated (p &lt; 0.05) the FPN1 expression, whereas xylanase up-regulated (p &lt; 0.05) the Znt1 expression in the duodenum of pigs compared with the control group. Moreover, phytase, \u03b2-glucanase, and xylanase supplementation up-regulated (p &lt; 0.05) the jejunal Znt1 expression compared with the control group. The intestinal morphology results show that the phytase, \u03b2-mannanase, and xylanase groups had increased villus heights (VHs), an increased villus height\u2013crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), and decreased crypt depths (CDs) in the duodenum, whereas phytase, \u03b2-mannanase, \u03b2-glucanase, and xylanase groups had decreased VH and VH:CD, and increased CD in the jejunum compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed with exogenous enzymes had decreased bacterial diversity in the cecum. The dietary supplementation of NSPases increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased spirochaetes (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary NSPase treatment decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the opportunistic pathogens, such as Treponema_2 and Eubacterium_ruminantium. Moreover, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014 and Lachnospiraceae were enriched in the \u03b2-glucanase and \u03b2-mannanase groups (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, phytase and xylanase supplementation may promote zinc deposition in pigs. Additionally, the supplementation of NSPases may improve the gut health of pigs by modulating the intestinal morphology and microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1675657528000},"page":"549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effects of Phytase and Non-Starch Polysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes on Trace Element Deposition, Intestinal Morphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Growing\u2013Finishing Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fenfen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0734-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengjia","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-5708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abul Kalam","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaibin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13112","article-title":"Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status","volume":"101","author":"Goff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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