{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1787959881276,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES)","award":["19-23-0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-23-0155"]}]},{"name":"North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES)","award":["58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6010-1-005"]}]},{"name":"Purina Animal Nutrition LLC","award":["19-23-0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-23-0155"]}]},{"name":"Purina Animal Nutrition LLC","award":["58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6010-1-005"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","award":["19-23-0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-23-0155"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","award":["58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6010-1-005"]}]},{"name":"Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station\u2014Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture","award":["19-23-0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-23-0155"]}]},{"name":"Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station\u2014Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture","award":["58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6010-1-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During pregnancy, the fetus relies on the dam for its nutrient supply. Nutritional stimuli during fetal organ development can program hepatic metabolism and function. Herein, we investigated the role of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NoVTM\u2014at least 71 days pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and rate of weight gain (low (LG) or moderate (MG)\u2014from breeding to day 83) on the fetal liver transcriptome and the underlying biological pathways. Crossbred Angus beef heifers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design (VTM_LG, VTM_MG, NoVTM_LG, and NoVTM_MG). Gene expression was measured with RNA-Seq in fetal livers collected on day 83 \u00b1 0.27 of gestation. Our results show that vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of weight gain led to the differential expression of hepatic genes in all treatments. We identified 591 unique differentially expressed genes across all six VTM-gain contrasts (FDR \u2264 0.1). Over-represented pathways were related to energy metabolism, including PPAR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, as well as lipid metabolism, mineral transport, and amino acid transport. Our findings suggest that periconceptual maternal nutrition affects fetal hepatic function through altered expression of energy- and lipid-related genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T02:32:07Z","timestamp":1675909927000},"page":"600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Periconceptual Maternal Nutrition Affects Fetal Liver Programming of Energy- and Lipid-Related Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wellison J. S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison K.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacie L.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cierrah J.","family":"Kassetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Baumgaertner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence P.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel P.","family":"Borowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3759-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin K.","family":"Sedivec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri T.","family":"Dorsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammi L.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Chris","family":"Forcherio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Caton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl R.","family":"Dahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171","article-title":"Fetal origins of coronary heart disease","volume":"311","author":"Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2359","article-title":"Developmental programming: The concept, large animal models, and the key role of uteroplacental vascular development","volume":"88","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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