{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:39:39Z","timestamp":1776267579134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria","award":["\u041401-62\/18.03.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u041401-62\/18.03.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ovarian status and steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI on the reproductive performance of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization treatment and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen. Seventy-eight cyclic Holstein cows pre-treated with PGF2\u03b1-GnRH were divided in two groups\u2014I (Preselect-OvSynch, n = 38) and II (OvSynch+PRID-7-day+eCG, n = 40)\u2014and inseminated with sexed semen. The presence of preovulatory follicle (PF) with or without corpus luteum (CL), the PF diameter, the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations on the day of TAI, the pregnancy rate (PR) and embryo loss were determined. On the day of TAI, 78.4% of all the pregnant cows presented a PF (mean size 1.80 \u00b1 0.12 cm) without CL, low P4 (0.59 \u00b1 0.28 ng\/mL) and high E2 (12.35 \u00b1 2.62 pg\/mg) concentrations. The positive correlation between the size of the PF and the level of E2 in the pregnant cows from group II was stronger than that of group I (R = 0.82 vs. R = 0.52, p &lt; 0.05). The pregnancy rate on day 30 (57.5% vs. 36.8%) and day 60 (50% vs. 26.3%; p &lt; 0.05) and the embryo losses (13% vs. 28.5%) showed better effects of treatment in group II. In conclusion, the ovarian status and the steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI influence the pregnancy rates of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1677729296000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of Ovarian Status and Steroid Hormone Concentration on Day of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) on the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Inseminated with Sexed Semen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanimir","family":"Yotov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Fasulkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoli","family":"Atanasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5239-1715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Kistanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branimir","family":"Sinapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8934-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dobri","family":"Yarkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Livestock Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darina","family":"Zaimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Business and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Economics, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s97","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000721","article-title":"Review: Applications and benefits of sexed semen in dairy and beef herds","volume":"12","author":"Holden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"440","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from coupled dairy-beef production in Switzerland","volume":"10","author":"Probst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agrar. 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