{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:59:18Z","timestamp":1760147958037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Research Support of Para","award":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Technological and Scientific Development","award":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Dean of Research and Graduate Studies (PROPESP) from the Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2015","21\/2018","305821\/2017-2","176827\/2022-6","02\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the follicular atresia, cell proliferation, and anti-Mullerian hormone action in Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus during three sexual phases (follicular, luteal, and gestational). Follicular quantification and immunolocalization of Caspase-3 protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were performed. A significant difference in the quantification between preantral and antral follicles, with a progressive decrease in the antrals, was identified. Protein and hormonal markers varied significantly between follicle cell types (A. nancymae\u00a0p = 0.001; S. macrocephalus, p = 0.002). Immunostaining in the preantral and antral follicles was present in all sexual phases; for Caspase-3, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and stroma; for BCL-2, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and theca; and for PCNA and AMH, in oocytes and granulosa cells. The immunostaining for Caspase-3 was more expressive in the preantral follicles (follicular phase, p &lt; 0.05), while that for BCL-2 and PCNA was more expressive in the antral follicles of the follicular phase. The AMH was more expressive in the primary and antral follicles of nonpregnant females, in both the follicular and luteal phases. Our results contribute to understanding the ovarian follicular selection, recruitment, and degeneration of these species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:57:11Z","timestamp":1678777031000},"page":"1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Follicular Atresia, Cell Proliferation, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Two Neotropical Primates (Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Deise de Lima","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa 01, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia, Av. Perimetral 2501, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diva An\u00e9lie de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa 01, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia, Av. Perimetral 2501, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Brazil"},{"name":"Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, Campus de la UAB, Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, Pla\u00e7a C\u00edvica, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0964-4297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa 01, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro Nassar","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia, Av. Perimetral 2501, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1406-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Ozanan Barros","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz\u00f4nia, Av. Perimetral 2501, Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.03.018","article-title":"Analysis of follicular events in owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus) using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound","volume":"80","author":"Coutinho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12169","article-title":"Functional morphology of the tubular genital organs in the female owl monkey (Aotus spp.)","volume":"44","author":"Mayor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. 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