{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:12:18Z","timestamp":1771960338756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Paranaense, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["PQ-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ-2"]}]},{"name":"Universidade Paranaense, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["PQ-1D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ-1D"]}]},{"name":"Universidade Paranaense, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["PROSUP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROSUP"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria, and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["PQ-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ-2"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria, and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["PQ-1D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ-1D"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria, and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["PROSUP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROSUP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paran\u00e1, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperan\u00e7a, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paran\u00e1, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and\/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected\u2014and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperan\u00e7a, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers\u2019 hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers\u2019 instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13071147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T06:34:07Z","timestamp":1679639647000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the mecA Gene and Identification of ESBL Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti","family":"Fazoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laisa Marina Rosa","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kariny Aparecida Jardim","family":"R\u00fabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateus Augusto","family":"Garcia Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halison Murilo da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Cristina","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Miyuki","family":"Kawamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thays Karollyni Amaral","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isadora Brito da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7971-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Carvalho dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Rafaela de Paula","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Luiz","family":"Rahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9463-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Silveira do","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suelen Pereira","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Graciela Iecher","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilda Cristiani","family":"Gazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranunlfo","family":"Piau Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Dib","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1724209","article-title":"Nanoparticles for Treatment of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastites","volume":"27","author":"Algharib","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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