{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:02:17Z","timestamp":1787238137426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.09161.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09161.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Center, (NSC; Poland)","award":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center, (NSC; Poland)","award":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center, (NSC; Poland)","award":["2022.09161.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09161.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center, (NSC; Poland)","award":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"]}]},{"name":"Transnational cooperation Portugal\u2014Poland project","award":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CVT\/00276\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Transnational cooperation Portugal\u2014Poland project","award":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/0059\/2020\/AL4AnimalS"]}]},{"name":"Transnational cooperation Portugal\u2014Poland project","award":["2022.09161.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09161.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Transnational cooperation Portugal\u2014Poland project","award":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS19 nr 2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/03355"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrosis negatively affects endometrial function and fertility in mares, due to excessive deposition of type I (COL1) and type III (COL3) collagens. The pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF-\u03b21) induces myofibroblast differentiation, characterized by \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression, and collagen synthesis. In humans, fibrosis has been linked to epigenetic mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been described in mare endometrium. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro epigenetic regulation in TGF-\u03b21-treated mare endometrial fibroblasts and the use of 5-aza-2\u2032-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), an epigenetic modifier, as a putative treatment option for endometrial fibrosis. Methods and Results: The in vitro effects of TGF-\u03b21 and of 5-aza-dC on DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B), COL1A1, COL3A1, and \u03b1-SMA transcripts were analyzed in endometrial fibroblasts, and COL1 and COL3 secretion in a co-culture medium. TGF-\u03b21 upregulated DNMT3A transcripts and collagen secretion. In TGF-\u03b21-treated endometrial fibroblasts, DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-dC decreased collagen transcripts and secretion, but not \u03b1-SMA transcripts. Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible role of epigenetic mechanisms during equine endometrial fibrogenesis. The in vitro effect of 5-aza-dC on collagen reduction in TGF-\u03b21-treated fibroblasts highlights this epigenetic involvement. This may pave the way to different therapeutic approaches for endometrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13071212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:37:02Z","timestamp":1680226622000},"page":"1212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["5-Aza-2\u2032-Deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC, Decitabine) Inhibits Collagen Type I and III Expression in TGF-\u03b21-Treated Equine Endometrial Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Alpoim-Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sz\u00f3stek-Mioduchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9357-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"S\u0142yszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Rebord\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz J.","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction with Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Live Sciences, 50-366 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Ferreira-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.840","article-title":"Lectin binding patterns of uterine glands in mares with chronic endometrial degeneration","volume":"62","author":"Walter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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