{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1787027452802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes\u2019 coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn\u2019s health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by trained personnel and adequate equipment. Evaluating vitality could reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality in domestic animals, even if it is sometimes difficult with the current organization of some farms. This review highlights the importance of increasing the number of stock people during the expected days of parturitions to reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus, improve the farm\u2019s performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13091542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T01:38:21Z","timestamp":1683250701000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vitality in Newborn Farm Animals: Adverse Factors, Physiological Responses, Pharmacological Therapies, and Physical Methods to Increase Neonate Vigor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7230-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Bienboire-Frosini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Muns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edriam","family":"Marcet-Rius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Gazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Villanueva-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Burnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK"},{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0084-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Lezama-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8382-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Casas-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mota-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farmer, C. (2020). The Suckling and Weaned Piglet, Wageningen Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-894-0"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is vitality assessment important in neonatal animals?","volume":"13","author":"Muns","year":"2018","journal-title":"CAB Rev. Perspect. Agric. Vet. Sci. Nutr. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1571","article-title":"Effect of oxytocin treatment in sows on umbilical cord morphology, meconium staining, and neonatal mortality of piglets","volume":"63","author":"Lopez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1071\/AN13175","article-title":"Outcomes of gestation length in relation to farrowing performance in sows and daily weight gain and metabolic profiles in piglets","volume":"55","author":"Fierro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Mota-Rojas, D., Velarde, A., Huerta, S., and Cajiao, M. (2016). Bienestar Animal. Una Visi\u00f3n Global en Iberoam\u00e9rica, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.09.009","article-title":"Physiology of transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life","volume":"39","author":"Hillman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.01.007","article-title":"Perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology in pig and human: A review","volume":"90","author":"Gregorio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2016.03.004","article-title":"From fetus to neonate: A sensational journey","volume":"16","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Newborn Infant Nurs. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes-Sotelo, B., Mota-Rojas, D., Mora-Medina, P., Ogi, A., Mariti, C., Olmos-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., S\u00e1nchez-Mill\u00e1n, J., and Gazzano, A. (2021). Blood biomarker profile alterations in newborn canines: Effect of the mother\u2032s weight. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082307"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz132","article-title":"Utility of the 5-minute apgar score as a research endpoint","volume":"188","author":"Bovbjerg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.12.011","article-title":"Relationship of vitality and weight with the temperature of newborn piglets born to sows of different parity","volume":"220","author":"Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.05.020","article-title":"Evaluation of newborn canine viability by means of umbilical vein lactate measurement, apgar score and uterine tocodynamometry","volume":"74","author":"Groppetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"869","article-title":"Assessment of the vitality of the newborn: An overview","volume":"7","author":"Trujillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Essays"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.17221\/6262-VETMED","article-title":"Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: A review","volume":"57","author":"Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Murray, C.F. (2014). Characteristics, Risk Factors and Management Programs for Vitality of Newborn Dairy Calves. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Guelp]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.08.010","article-title":"Developing a modified Apgar scoring system for newborn lambs","volume":"157","author":"Flora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.06.007","article-title":"Newborn calf vitality: Risk factors, characteristics, assessment, resulting outcomes and strategies for improvement","volume":"198","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.09.001","article-title":"Effect of a difficult calving on the vigour of the calf, the onset of maternal behaviour, and some behavioural indicators of pain in the dam","volume":"103","author":"Barrier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50209-0","article-title":"Neonatal critical care","volume":"31","author":"Moon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.31893\/jabb.20039","article-title":"Neurobehavioral and neuroprotector effects of caffeine in animal models","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.20-0185","article-title":"Caffeine: Cardiorespiratory effects and tissue protection in animal models","volume":"70","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lezama-Garc\u00eda, K., Mota-Rojas, D., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Villanueva-Garc\u00eda, D., Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva, A., G\u00f3mez-Prado, J., Mora-Medina, P., Casas-Alvarado, A., Olmos-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., and Soto, P. (2022). Strategies for hypothermia compensation in altricial and precocial newborn mammals and their monitoring by infrared thermography. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9050246"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Watt, B., and Wright, B. (2023, March 13). The Importance of Colostrum to Foals. Colostrum and Passive Transfer Assessment. Available online: https:\/\/www.equineguelph.ca\/pdf\/facts\/ImportanceofColostrumtoFoalsApr_08.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac142","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac142","article-title":"Impact of housing environment and management on pre-\/post-weaning piglet productivity","volume":"100","author":"Ramirez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac190","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac190","article-title":"Genetic aspects of piglet survival and related traits: A review","volume":"100","author":"Knol","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102908","article-title":"Long term genetic selection for reproductive success affects neonatal lamb vitality across cold stress conditions","volume":"98","author":"Nel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00410","article-title":"Genetic trends in maternal and neonatal behaviors and their association with perinatal survival in French Large White swine","volume":"5","author":"Canario","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.07.005","article-title":"Genetic parameters for piglet survival, litter size and birth weight or its variation within litter in sire and dam lines using Bayesian analysis","volume":"135","author":"Kapell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2014.11.002","article-title":"Transition from fetus to newborn","volume":"62","author":"Swanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.210047","article-title":"Central efferent pathways for cold-defensive and febrile shivering","volume":"589","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2003.08.004","article-title":"Animal welfare implications of neonatal mortality and morbidity in farm animals","volume":"168","author":"Mellor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1207","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00109.2011","article-title":"Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever","volume":"301","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txab016","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab016","article-title":"Effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on preweaning mortality","volume":"5","author":"Tolosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.019","article-title":"Neonatal and pediatric care of the puppy and kitten","volume":"70","author":"Lawler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00355","article-title":"Characteristics of piglets born by two highly prolific sow hybrids","volume":"7","author":"Schild","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00355-1","article-title":"Early identification of neonates at risk: Traits of newborn piglets with respect to survival","volume":"54","author":"Tuchscherer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3248","article-title":"Neonatal piglet traits of importance for survival in crates and indoor pens","volume":"89","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100350","article-title":"Review: Improving the performance of neonatal piglets","volume":"16","author":"Farmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00183-5","article-title":"Development of thermoregulation and neonatal survival in pigs","volume":"78","author":"Herpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"2101","article-title":"Hypothermia in newly born piglets: Mechanisms of thermoregulation and pathophysiology of death","volume":"9","author":"Boscato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"3497","article-title":"Cows exposed to heat stress during fetal life exhibit improved thermal tolerance","volume":"95","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8443","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11072","article-title":"In utero heat stress decreases calf survival and performance through the first lactation","volume":"99","author":"Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9901","article-title":"Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of calves","volume":"99","author":"Roland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2014.11.003","article-title":"Hot dogs: Thermography in the assessment of stress in dogs (Canis familiaris)\u2014A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Travain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.02.002","article-title":"The stress-induced hyperthermia paradigm as a physiological animal model for anxiety: A review of pharmacological and genetic studies in the mouse","volume":"31","author":"Bouwknecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-003-0413-3","article-title":"To stay or not to stay: The contribution of tactile and thermal cues to coming to rest in newborn rabbits","volume":"189","author":"Rosetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lezama-Garc\u00eda, K., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez, J.C., Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva, A., Mora-Medina, P., Olmos-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., and Mota-Rojas, D. (2022). Relation between the dam\u2019s weight on superficial temperature of her puppies at different stages of the post-partum. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9120673"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000241487","article-title":"Energy metabolism of the newborn pig during the first 24 h of life","volume":"40","author":"Noblet","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb223974","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.223974","article-title":"Disruption of thermogenic UCP1 predated the divergence of pigs and peccaries","volume":"223","author":"Fyda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tucker, B.S., Craig, J.R., Morrison, R.S., Smits, R.J., and Kirkwood, R.N. (2021). Piglet viability: A review of identification and pre-weaning management strategies. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102902"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963205","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.963205","article-title":"Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.17221\/4436-VETMED","article-title":"Physiological events during parturition and possibilities for improving puppy survival: A review","volume":"56","author":"Kredatusova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32380-4","article-title":"Changes in fetal and maternal blood at the end of pregnancy and during parturition in the pig","volume":"32","author":"Randall","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.17221\/1565-VETMED","article-title":"Foetal and neonatal energy metabolism in pigs and humans: A review","volume":"56","author":"Villanueva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-65-427-2022","article-title":"Intrinsic challenges of neonatal adaptation in swine","volume":"65","author":"Diehl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e361108","DOI":"10.1590\/acb361108","article-title":"Characterization of oxidative stress in animal model of neonatal hypoxia","volume":"36","author":"Bochenek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meconium aspiration syndrome in mammals","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"CAB Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xodo, S., and Londero, A.P. (2022). Is It Time to Redefine Fetal Decelerations in Cardiotocography?. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101552"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274937","article-title":"The peripheral chemoreflex: Indefatigable guardian of fetal physiological adaptation to labour","volume":"596","author":"Lear","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.032","article-title":"The physiology of intrapartum fetal compromise at term","volume":"222","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mota-Rojas, D., Villanueva-Garc\u00eda, D., Mota-Reyes, A., Orihuela, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva, A., Casas-Alvarado, A., Flores-Padilla, K., Jacome-Romero, J., and Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J. (2022). Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Animal Models: Inflammatory Process, Apoptosis, and Surfactant Inactivation. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233310"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcet-Rius, M., Bienboire-Frosini, C., Lezama-Garc\u00eda, K., Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva, A., Olmos-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Mora-Medina, P., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., Casas-Alvarado, A., and Gazzano, A. (2023). Clinical Experiences and Mechanism of Action with the Use of Oxytocin Injection at Parturition in Domestic Animals: Effect on the Myometrium and Fetuses. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040768"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"104","article-title":"Zum Eisenbedarf des Schweines in den ersten 2 Lebensmonaten","volume":"29","author":"Steinhardt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch. Exp. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szudzik, M., Starzy\u0144ski, R., Jo\u0144czy, A., Mazgaj, R., Lenartowicz, M., and Lipi\u0144ski, P. (2018). Iron supplementation in suckling piglets: An ostensibly easy therapy of neonatal iron deficiency anemia. Pharmaceuticals, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201810.0189.v1"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"583","article-title":"Verhaltensbiologische Vitalit\u00e4tseinsch\u00e4tzung von Ferkeln mit hoch- und mittelgradiger konnataler Eisenmangelan\u00e4mie","volume":"43","author":"Lemke","year":"1988","journal-title":"Monatsh. Vet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.09.009","article-title":"Influence of piglet birth weight on postnatal growth performance, tissue lipogenic capacity and muscle histological traits at market weight","volume":"93","author":"Gondret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2222","article-title":"Impact of piglet birth weight, birth order, and litter size on subsequent growth performance, carcass quality, muscle composition, and eating quality of pork","volume":"88","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Landon, M., Galan, H., Jauniaux, E., Driscoll, D., Berghella, V., Grobman, W., Kilpatrock, S., and Cahil, A. (2020). Gabbe\u2019s Obstretrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Mota-Rojas, D., Nava-Ocampo, A.A., Villanueva-Garc\u00eda, D., and Alonso-Spilbury, M.L. (2008). Animal Perinatology: Clinical and Experimental Approaches, BM Editores."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.11.025","article-title":"Non-infectious causes of pre-weaning mortality in piglets","volume":"184","author":"Muns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1974.3851045x","article-title":"Husbandry components in prenatal and perinatal development in swine","volume":"38","author":"England","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"382","article-title":"Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the newborn calf","volume":"14","author":"Vermorel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Rech. Vet."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.12.018","article-title":"The effects of vetrabutin chlorhydrate and oxytocin on stillbirth rate and asphyxia in swine","volume":"64","author":"Rosales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effect of lamb birth weight on fiber number and type of semitendinosus muscle","volume":"26","author":"Aksoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anadolu Tar\u0131m Bilim. Derg."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.78150x","article-title":"Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: II. Skeletal muscle growth and development","volume":"78","author":"Greenwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.6972727x","article-title":"Effects of breed, heterosis, age of dam, litter size, and birth weight on lamb mortality1","volume":"69","author":"Gama","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8451093x","article-title":"Maintenance of body temperature in the neonatal lamb: Effects of breed, birth weight, and litter size1","volume":"84","author":"Dwyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5637","article-title":"INVITED REVIEW: Piglet mortality: Management solutions","volume":"91","author":"Kirkden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73981-2","article-title":"Birth weight as a predictor of calving ease and perinatal mortality in holstein cattle","volume":"86","author":"Johanson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982013000600006","article-title":"Genetic and non-genetic effects on calf vigor at birth and preweaning mortality in Nellore calves","volume":"42","author":"Schmidek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lezama-Garc\u00eda, K., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Marcet-Rius, M., Gazzano, A., Olmos-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Mora-Medina, P., Dom\u00ednguez-Oliva, A., Pereira, A.M.F., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., and Baqueiro-Espinosa, U. (2022). Is the weight of the newborn puppy related to its thermal balance?. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12243536"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.12.003","article-title":"Differences in post-parturient behaviour, lamb performance and survival rate between purebred Egyptian Rahmani and its crossbred Finnish ewes","volume":"89","author":"Darwish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1986.sp002995","article-title":"A comparison of energy metabolism in the new-born infant, piglet and lamb","volume":"71","author":"Mellor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173110700016X","article-title":"Variability of colostrum yield and colostrum intake in pigs","volume":"1","author":"Devillers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.03.010","article-title":"Colostrum intake: Influence on piglet performance and factors of variation","volume":"146","author":"Quesnel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3409\/fb57_1-2.97-103","article-title":"Changes in the content of major proteins and selected hormones in the blood serum of piglets during the early postnatal period","volume":"57","author":"Szymeczko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Folia Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000243294","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations to change of nutrition at birth","volume":"58","author":"Girard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Parada, P.R. (2023, March 13). Cori Cycle. Available online: https:\/\/www.lifeder.com\/ciclo-de-cori\/."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Ophardt, E.C. (2023, March 13). Cori Cycle. Available online: http:\/\/www.elmhurst.edu\/~chm\/vchembook\/615coricycle.html."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellor, D. (2019). Preparing for Life After Birth: Introducing the concepts of intrauterine and extrauterine sensory entrainment in mammalian young. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100826"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.05.010","article-title":"A review of the behavioural and physiological adaptations of hill and lowland breeds of sheep that favour lamb survival","volume":"92","author":"Dwyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2014.969349","article-title":"Survival implications of the development of behavioural responsiveness and awareness in different groups of mammalian young","volume":"63","author":"Mellor","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of infrared thermography to detect sick animals: Frequent and current","volume":"17","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"CABI Rev."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023294","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1023294","article-title":"Thermoregulation mechanisms and perspectives for validating thermal windows in pigs with hypothermia and hyperthermia: An overview","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420170408","article-title":"The use of tactile and olfactory cues in neonatal orientation and localization of the nipple","volume":"17","author":"Larson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1293-9","article-title":"The human newborn\u2019s umwelt: Unexplored pathways and perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Henry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1701","article-title":"The development of nociceptive circuits","volume":"6","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20327","article-title":"Olfactory preference for own mother and litter in 1-day-old rabbits and its impairment by thermotaxis","volume":"50","author":"Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900202","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation associated with aspirated meconium and epithelial cells in calves","volume":"29","author":"Lopez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000369373","article-title":"Meconium aspiration syndrome: Possible pathophysiological mechanisms and future potential therapies","volume":"107","author":"Castellheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.10.002","article-title":"Newborn dairy calf management","volume":"24","author":"Mee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effects of oxytocin on critical blood variables from dystocic sows","volume":"40","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Obstetric and fetal outcomes in dystocic and eutocic sows to an injection of exogenous oxytocin during farrowing","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J. = Rev. Vet. Can."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.12.003","article-title":"Effects of uterotonics on farrowing traits and piglet vitality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"161","author":"Muro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(92)90117-V","article-title":"Perinatal adaptation in animals","volume":"28","author":"Randall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.053942","article-title":"Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (ppar\u03b3) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, ucp1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes","volume":"285","author":"Petrovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263967X00004055","article-title":"Thermoregulation in neonatal ruminants","volume":"15","author":"Rowan","year":"1992","journal-title":"BSAP Occas. Publ."},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"Burrin, D., and Mersmann, H. (2005). Biology of Growing Animals, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-015-0907-7","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue: Physiological function and evolutionary significance","volume":"185","author":"Oelkrug","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue: Function and physiological significance","volume":"84","author":"Cannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.107","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue genes in pericardial adipose tissue of newborn sheep are downregulated by maternal nutrient restriction in late gestation","volume":"74","author":"Ojha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019313","article-title":"Effect of maternal cold exposure on brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis in the neonatal lamb","volume":"455","author":"Symonds","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lezama-Garc\u00eda, K., Mota-Rojas, D., Pereira, A.M.F., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Ghezzi, M., Dom\u00ednguez, A., G\u00f3mez, J., de Mira Geraldo, A., Lendez, P., and Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I. (2022). Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) and thermoregulation in animals: Structural biology and neurophysiological aspects. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010106"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01088.2005","article-title":"Shivering in the cold: From mechanisms of fuel selection to survival","volume":"100","author":"Haman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00016-3","article-title":"Afferent pathways for autonomic and shivering thermoeffectors","volume":"156","author":"Nakamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04657.2003","article-title":"Brainstem substrates of sympatho-motor circuitry identified using trans-synaptic tracing with pseudorabies virus recombinants","volume":"23","author":"Kerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Barnes, M., and Carey, H.V. (2004). Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptation, and Application, ARCUS."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30590-9","article-title":"Cold thermoregulation in the newborn calf","volume":"10","author":"Carstens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008605","article-title":"Shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis during summit metabolism in young lambs","volume":"198","author":"Alexander","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.104695","article-title":"Fetal programming of autonomic and HPA function: Do people who were small babies have enhanced stress responses?","volume":"572","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(94)00178-M","article-title":"Arteriovenous anastomoses and the thermoregulatory shift between cutaneous vasoconstrictor and vasodilator reflexes","volume":"53","author":"Krogstad","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"621","article-title":"Adrenocortical and metabolic responses to ACTH injection in horses: An assessment by salivary cortisol and infrared thermography of the eye","volume":"81","author":"Cook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2647","article-title":"Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses","volume":"10","author":"Herman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1496","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.4.H1496","article-title":"Nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in men","volume":"280","author":"Stephens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1404","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00061.2004","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y antagonism reduces reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans","volume":"287","author":"Stephens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22350","article-title":"Low-level radiofrequency exposure induces vasoconstriction in rats","volume":"42","author":"Mai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.783592x","article-title":"Effect of sensory stimuli on huddling behavior of pigs","volume":"78","author":"Hrupka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Mota-Rojas, D., Velarde, A., Maris-Huertas, S., and Cajiao, M.N. (2016). Animal Welfare, a Global Vision in Ibero-America, Elsevier. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2020.105207","article-title":"Duration of phase II of labour negatively affects maternal behaviour and lamb viability in wool-type primiparous ewes under extensive rearing","volume":"234","author":"Regueiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2015.03.003","article-title":"Differential metabolism of brown adipose tissue in newborn rabbits in relation to position in the litter huddle","volume":"51","author":"Hudson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12689","article-title":"Comparative anatomy of neonates of the three major mammalian groups (monotremes, marsupials, placentals) and implications for the ancestral mammalian neonate morphotype","volume":"231","author":"Ferner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-007-0420-4","article-title":"Do newborn domestic rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus compete for thermally advantageous positions in the litter huddle?","volume":"62","author":"Bautista","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"McCauley, S.R. (2019). Glucose Metabolism in Low Birth Weight Neonatal Pigs. [Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytethic Institute and State University]."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1084092","article-title":"The effect of birth weight and time of day on the thermal response of newborn water buffalo calves","volume":"10","author":"Napolitano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2012.02.004","article-title":"Approaches to management and care of the neonatal nondomestic ruminant","volume":"15","author":"Wolfe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.110.6.121","article-title":"Resuscitation of hypothermic lambs","volume":"110","author":"Eales","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.2016.1240091","article-title":"Oral dextrose gel to improve survival in less vigorous newborn triplet lambs: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Hegarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelsmann, M.N., Hansen, C.F., Nielsen, M.N., Kristensen, A.R., and Amdi, C. (2019). Glucose injections at birth, warmth and placing at a nurse sow improve the growth of IUGR piglets. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080519"},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"375","article-title":"Thermoregulation and energy metabolism in the neonatal pig","volume":"14","author":"Noblet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Rech. Vet."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000241486","article-title":"Colostrum intake and thermoregulation in the neonatal pig in relation to environmental temperature","volume":"40","author":"Noblet","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, F.L.M., Miqueo, E., da Silva, M.D., Torrezan, T.M., Rocha, N.B., Salles, M.S.V., and Bittar, C.M.M. (2021). Thermoregulatory responses and performance of dairy calves fed different amounts of colostrum. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030703"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2019.1580199","article-title":"Thermogenesis and some rearing strategies of dairy calves at low temperature\u2014A review","volume":"47","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(97)00022-8","article-title":"Growth factors and antimicrobial factors of bovine colostrum","volume":"7","author":"Pakkanen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6858","article-title":"Effect of cross-fostering and oral supplementation with colostrums on performance of newborn piglets","volume":"92","author":"Muns","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"353","article-title":"Effect of oral supplementation with different energy boosters in newborn piglets on pre-weaning mortality, growth and serological levels of IGF-I and IgG","volume":"95","author":"Muns","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.07.003","article-title":"Impact of caffeine and coffee on our health","volume":"25","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2019). Kumar; Lipshultz Caffeine and Clinical Outcomes in Premature Neonates. Children, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/children6110118"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106700","article-title":"Caffeine: A potential strategy to improve survival of neonatal pigs and sheep","volume":"226","author":"Swinbourne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.10.1214","article-title":"Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia","volume":"71","author":"Orozco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111900301X","article-title":"Caffeine supplementation at birth, but not 8 to 12 h post-birth, increased 24 h pre-weaning mortality in piglets","volume":"14","author":"Nowland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106799","article-title":"Maternal caffeine administration to ewes does not affect perinatal lamb survival","volume":"231","author":"Robertson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarratt, L., James, S.E., Kirkwood, R.N., and Nowland, T.L. (2023). Effects of caffeine and glucose supplementation at birth on piglet pre-weaning growth, thermoregulation, and survival. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030435"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106715","article-title":"Supplementing pregnant Merino ewes with caffeine to improve neonatal lamb thermoregulation and viability","volume":"226","author":"Murdock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binder-Heschl, C., Crossley, K., te Pas, A., Polglase, G., Blank, D., Zahra, V., Moxham, A., Rodgers, K., and Hooper, S. (2018). Haemodynamic effects of prenatal caffeine on the cardiovascular transition in ventilated preterm lambs. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200572"},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"207","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of oral caffeine in sows: A pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Menozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Large Anim. Rev."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.10.020","article-title":"Pain and discomfort caused by parturition in cows and sows","volume":"135","author":"Mainau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","unstructured":"Dhaliwal, A., and Gupta, M. (2022). Physiology, Opioid Receptor, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"713","article-title":"Effect of naloxone on ventilation in newborn rabbits","volume":"50","author":"Hazinski","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90106-8","article-title":"Developmental aspects of the effect of naloxone on control of breathing in piglets","volume":"51","author":"Long","year":"1983","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_160","unstructured":"Hsia, C.C.W., Schmitz, A., Lambertz, M., Perry, S.F., and Maina, J.N. (2013). Comprehensive Physiology, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2020.1778580","article-title":"Practical oxygen therapy for newborn piglets","volume":"68","author":"Soraci","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280803","article-title":"Haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation of neonatal piglets in the immediate ex utero period supported by mechanical ventilation or ex utero oxygenator","volume":"599","author":"Darby","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.2.289","article-title":"Effect of intranasal oxygen administration on blood gas variables and outcome in neonatal calves with respiratory distress syndrome: 20 cases (2004\u20132006)","volume":"233","author":"Bleul","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.20-9-e500","article-title":"Oxygen therapy for neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2020.1771344","article-title":"Pulmonary changes and redox status after fractionalized dose of prophylactic surfactant treatment in preterm neonatal lambs","volume":"48","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0449OC","article-title":"Optimal oxygen targets in term lambs with meconium aspiration syndrome and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Rawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029915000503","article-title":"Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves","volume":"82","author":"Chigerwe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001444","article-title":"Factors associated with the concentration of immunoglobulin G in the colostrum of dairy cows","volume":"7","author":"Conneely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72687-4","article-title":"Evaluation of quality, quantity, and timing of colostrum feeding on immunoglobulin G1 absorption in Jersey calves","volume":"88","author":"Jaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2003.11.008","article-title":"Passive transfer of immunity in kid goats fed refrigerated and frozen goat colostrum and commercial sheep colostrum","volume":"54","author":"Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105059","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with failure of transfer of passive immunity in spring born beef suckler calves in Great Britain","volume":"181","author":"Bragg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104033","article-title":"The relationship between colostrum quality, passive transfer of immunity and birth and weaning weight in neonatal calves","volume":"238","author":"Turini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-3-42","article-title":"Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival","volume":"3","author":"Cabrera","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20082-1","article-title":"On the influence of the source of porcine colostrum in the development of early immune ontogeny in piglets","volume":"12","author":"Maciag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9073-6","article-title":"Serum IgG, blood profiles, growth and survival in goat kids supplemented with artificial colostrum on the first day of life","volume":"40","author":"Mellado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1433","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of oral colostrum supplementation during the first fourteen days on the health and performance of preweaned calves","volume":"92","author":"Berge","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.31.29","article-title":"Colostral and foal serum immunoglobulin G levels and associations with perinatal abnormalities in heavy draft horses in Japan","volume":"31","author":"Aoki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Equine Sci."},{"key":"ref_178","unstructured":"McKinnon, A.O., Squires, E.L., Vaala, W.E., and Varner, D.D. (2011). Equine Reproduction, Wiley Blackwell."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grigaleviciute, R., Planciuniene, R., Prikockyte, I., Radzeviciute-Valciuke, E., Baleviciute, A., Zelvys, A., Zinkeviciene, A., Zigmantaite, V., Kucinskas, A., and Matusevicius, P. (2023). The Influence of feeding with colostrum and colostrum replacer on major blood biomarkers and growth performance in dairy calves. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10020128"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13463","article-title":"The challenge of large litters on the immune system of the sow and the piglets","volume":"54","author":"Oliviero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-181X.2022.00053.1","article-title":"Impact of artificial colostrum supplement on the growth performance and blood profile in piglets","volume":"22","author":"Sampath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-022-00299-2","article-title":"The effect of piglet vitality, birth order, and blood lactate on the piglet growth performances and preweaning survival","volume":"8","author":"Uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porc. Health Manag."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aleman, M., Weich, K., and Madigan, J. (2017). Survey of Veterinarians Using a Novel Physical Compression Squeeze Procedure in the Management of Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome in Foals. Animals, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani7090069"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(01)00076-6","article-title":"Maturation of the daily body temperature rhythm in sheep and horse","volume":"27","author":"Piccione","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"563","article-title":"Thermal status in three breeds of newborn lambs during the first 24 h of postnatal life","volume":"13","author":"Aleksiev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulg. J. Agrisultural Sci."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2016.12.002","article-title":"Rhythmic function of body temperature, breathing and heart rates in newborn goats and sheep during the first hours of life","volume":"18","author":"Giannetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.09.023","article-title":"Infrared thermal imaging as a method to evaluate heat loss in newborn lambs","volume":"115","author":"Labeur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txab095","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab095","article-title":"Effects of drying and providing supplemental oxygen to piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth","volume":"5","author":"Tolosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129362","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2129362","article-title":"Respiratory support for pharmacologically induced hypoxia in neonatal calves","volume":"2016","author":"Donnelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.13031\/trans.13015","article-title":"Prediction of optimum supplemental heat for piglets","volume":"62","author":"Milan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1592","article-title":"Effects of thermal environment on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, oxytocin, and behavioral activity in periparturient sows","volume":"87","author":"Malmkvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2010.04.010","article-title":"Increasing the piglets\u2019 use of the creep area\u2014A battle against biology?","volume":"125","author":"Vasdal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_193","unstructured":"Menzies, P.I. (2007). Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.25264","article-title":"MacDonald infrared thermographic evaluation of commercially available incandescent heat lamps","volume":"24","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-0219","article-title":"The ability of different thermal aids to reduce hypothermia in neonatal piglets1","volume":"94","author":"Pedersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2006023","article-title":"From birth to colostrum: Early steps leading to lamb survival","volume":"46","author":"Nowak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731108003650","article-title":"Drying and warming immediately after birth may reduce piglet mortality in loose-housed sows","volume":"3","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz122.006","article-title":"7 Effect of piglet birth weight and drying on post-natal changes in rectal temperature","volume":"97","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.09.012","article-title":"Management routines at the time of farrowing\u2014Effects on teat success and postnatal piglet mortality from loose housed sows","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Vasdal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.2.410","article-title":"Metabolic and cardiorespiratory effects of doxapram and theophylline in sleeping newborn piglets","volume":"72","author":"Cote","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2011007500085","article-title":"Sildenafil prevents the increase of extravascular lung water and pulmonary hypertension after meconium aspiration in newborn piglets","volume":"44","author":"Silvera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/9\/1542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:29:07Z","timestamp":1760124547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/9\/1542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"references-count":201,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ani13091542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13091542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]}}}