{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:07:53Z","timestamp":1760148473231,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of education and science of Bulgaria","award":["DO1-62\/18.03.2021","DO1-308\/20.12.2021","DO1-183\/01.08.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-62\/18.03.2021","DO1-308\/20.12.2021","DO1-183\/01.08.2022"]}]},{"name":"National Roadmap for RI of the Ministry of education and science of Bulgaria","award":["DO1-62\/18.03.2021","DO1-308\/20.12.2021","DO1-183\/01.08.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-62\/18.03.2021","DO1-308\/20.12.2021","DO1-183\/01.08.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to develop a comprehensive approach for assessing fresh ejaculate from Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) drakes to fulfil the requirements of artificial insemination in farm practices. The approach combines sperm kinetics (CASA) with non-kinetic parameters, such as vitality, enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase (AP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and \u03b3-glutamyl-transferase (GGT)), and total DNA methylation as training features for a set of machine learning (ML) models designed to enhance the predictive capacity of sperm parameters. Samples were classified based on their progressive motility and DNA methylation features, exhibiting significant differences in total and progressive motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), velocity of the average path (VAP), linear velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat-cross frequency (BCF), and live normal sperm cells in favour of fast motility ones. Additionally, there were significant differences in enzyme activities for AP and CK, with correlations to LDH and GGT levels. Although motility showed no correlation with total DNA methylation, ALH, wobble of the curvilinear trajectory (WOB), and VCL were significantly different in the newly introduced classification for \u201csuggested good quality\u201d, where both motility and methylation were high. The performance differences observed while training various ML classifiers using different feature subsets highlight the importance of DNA methylation for achieving more accurate sample quality classification, even though there is no correlation between motility and DNA methylation. The parameters ALH, VCL, triton extracted LDH, and VAP were top-ranking for \u201csuggested good quality\u201d predictions by the neural network and gradient boosting models. In conclusion, integrating non-kinetic parameters into machine-learning-based sample classification offers a promising approach for selecting kinetically and morphologically superior duck sperm samples that might otherwise be hindered by a predominance of lowly methylated cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T03:49:06Z","timestamp":1683690546000},"page":"1596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Machine Learning Approach for Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) Semen Quality Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desislava","family":"Abadjieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoneuroendocrinology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyko","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoneuroendocrinology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasko","family":"Gerzilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University, 12, Mendeleev Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Tsvetkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive OMICS Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Taushanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoneuroendocrinology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4841-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krassimira","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive OMICS Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2147-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soren","family":"Hayrabedyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive OMICS Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bul. Tzarigradsko Shosse 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106849","article-title":"Assessment of Sperm Motility in Livestock: Perspectives Based on Sperm Swimming Conditions in Vivo","volume":"246","author":"Waberski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. 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