{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:26:12Z","timestamp":1783434372744,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2021-127867OB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127867OB-100"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["52201K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201K"]}]},{"name":"GVA-IVIA","award":["PID2021-127867OB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127867OB-100"]}]},{"name":"GVA-IVIA","award":["52201K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabbit is a reflexively ovulating species. Accordingly, in the practice of artificial insemination (AI) ovulation must be induced via exogenous GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) administration, which may be performed intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intravaginally. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of the GnRH analogue when added to the extender is lower due to the proteolytic activity in the seminal plasma and the poor permeability of the vaginal mucosa. The aim of the study was to refine the practice of AI practice in rabbits by replacing parenteral GnRH analogue administration (subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular injection) with intravaginal application, while reducing its concentration in the diluent. Extenders containing the buserelin acetate in chitosan\u2013dextran sulphate and chitosan\u2013alginate nanoparticles were designed and 356 females were inseminated. Reproductive performance of females inseminated with the two experimental extenders, receiving 4 \u03bcg of buserelin acetate intravaginally per doe, was compared with that in the control group, the does of which were inseminated with the extender without the GnRH analogue and induced to ovulate with 1 \u03bcg of buserelin acetate administered intramuscularly. The entrapment efficiency of the chitosan\u2013dextran sulphate complex was higher than that of chitosan\u2013alginate. However, females inseminated with both systems showed similar reproductive performance. We conclude that both nanoencapsulation systems are an efficient way of intravaginal ovulation induction, allowing a reduction in the level of the GnRH analogue normally used in seminal doses from 15\u201325 \u03bcg to 4 \u03bcg.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:26:13Z","timestamp":1683883573000},"page":"1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits Inseminated with Extenders Supplemented with GnRH Analogue Entrapped in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Viudes-de-Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CI-TA-IVIA), Pol\u00edgono La Esperanza No. 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Marco Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Salvador","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Noninvasive routes of proteins and peptides drug delivery","volume":"73","author":"Jitendra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. 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