{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:54:46Z","timestamp":1772819686978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leucoderma is a condition that affects the skin and hair of animals, causing depigmentation and acromotrichia. In buffaloes, this condition results in significant economic losses for the production chain due to its impact on the leather trade. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of leucoderma in buffaloes in the Amazon biome and describe the prophylactic treatment to control the disease. The study included 40 buffaloes, 16 males and 24 females, aged between 1 and 10 years, and were of the Murrah, Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah \u00d7 Mediterranean crossbreed breeds. The animals were raised without mineral supplementation. The clinical signs observed in the animals included acromotrichia and depigmentation, with varying degrees and distribution of skin lesions. Histological examination of the epidermis showed interrupted melanin production, mild dermal fibrosis, mild perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, and pigmentary incontinence. None of the animals had the genotype for albinism. After 120 days of mineral supplementation based on the use of copper sulfate, the clinical signs of leucoderma regressed. There was no predisposition by breed, sex, or age for the occurrence of the disease. The regression of skin lesions after proper mineral supplementation suggests that copper deficiency may be considered an important factor for the occurrence of leucoderma in buffaloes in the Amazon biome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1684391578000},"page":"1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leucoderma in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Amazon Biome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Diomedes","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Igor de Oliveira","family":"Possidonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janayna Barroso","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2222-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna Gabriela da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananda Iara de Jesus","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Cordeiro","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edsel Alves","family":"Beuttemmuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (DESP), Instituto de Veterin\u00e1ria (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia da Silva e Silva","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilene Farias","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (DESP), Instituto de Veterin\u00e1ria (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Serop\u00e9dica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Masiero","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2023, January 05). 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