{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:02:41Z","timestamp":1789516961991,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dogs Trust Worldwide"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high-intensity catch, neuter, vaccinate and return (CNVR) intervention was used over 5 years to manage the free-roaming dog population of Greater Bangkok, using nearly 300,000 CNVR operations across six provinces. An evaluation was conducted using multiple methods to assess the impact of this intervention, including clinical data, an observational street survey, an online attitude survey and reported cases of dog rabies confirmed with laboratory testing. The evaluation found evidence of a reduction in free-roaming dog density over time (24.7% reduction over 5 years), a reduction in dog rabies cases (average reduction of 5.7% rabies cases per month) and an improvement in dog\u2013human relationships (a 39% increase per year in free-roaming dogs with visible signs of ownership or care and a perception of less trouble with free-roaming dogs in districts benefiting from CNVR). The CNVR intervention appears to have been effective at reducing the current free-roaming dog population and minimizing one future source of free-roaming dogs by limiting breeding of dogs accessible on the streets. However, there is evidence that other sources of free-roaming dogs exist, presumed to be predominately abandoned or lost owned dogs that were previously inaccessible to the CNVR intervention because they were ordinarily confined or living outside the project area. Hence, fully effective dog population management will require further interventions targeting owned dogs in addition to this CNVR effort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13111726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T01:29:26Z","timestamp":1684891766000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact Assessment of Free-Roaming Dog Population Management by CNVR in Greater Bangkok"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3560-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elly","family":"Hiby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAM, Cambridge CB23 7EJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4021-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuntikorn","family":"Rungpatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soi Dog Foundation, Phuket 83110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Izydorczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soi Dog Foundation, Phuket 83110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dogs Trust Worldwide, London EC1V 7RQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2598-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Harfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vizzuality, Madrid 28010, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-3032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Christley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dogs Trust, London EC1V 7RQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.07.005","article-title":"A review of the interactions between free-roaming domestic dogs and wildlife","volume":"157","author":"Hughes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. 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