{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:19:14Z","timestamp":1783444754071,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alberta Livestock Industry Development Fund","award":["F154R-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F154R-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is evidence that replacing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) to synchronize ovulation prior to artificial insemination (AI) increased pregnancy per AI in dairy cows without affecting blood progesterone (P4) concentrations. Whether morphologic, steroidogenic, and transcriptomic differences exist among corpora lutea (CL) formed after ovulation induced by GnRH and pLH is unclear. Our main objective, therefore, was to compare CL characteristics between GnRH- and pLH-induced CL. In 24 non-lactating Holstein cows, ovulations were spontaneous (Spont-Ov) or induced with 100 \u00b5g GnRH, 25 mg pLH, or 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), with CL excised 12 d after ovulation. In pLH- versus GnRH-treated cows, the duration of elevated LH (above baseline) was prolonged (10 versus 6 h, respectively, p &lt; 0.01), but CL dimensions, pixel intensity of CL images, proportions of steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic luteal cells, and mean plasma LH did not significantly differ. Post-ovulation mean plasma P4 (ng\/mL) did not differ among Spont-Ov (3.0) pLH (3.1) or GnRH (3.0) cows but were lower in EB cows (2.0). In vitro P4 concentration was greater in luteal explants of pLH-treated cows than in all other groups (combined means, 16.0 vs. 12.3 \u00b5g\/mL, p &lt; 0.02). Relative abundance of mRNA for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) was 2-fold higher (p &lt; 0.01) in CL of pLH vs. GnRH cows and highest in Spont-Ov CL. In summary, pLH-treated cows had a longer LH peak, and greatest luteal tissue concentrations and in vitro production of P4. We inferred that increased P4 concentrations at the ovarian\u2013uterine level in pLH-treated cows could have promoted embryo development and increased pregnancy per AI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:52:25Z","timestamp":1689213145000},"page":"2283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1043-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Ponce-Barajas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7793-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos G.","family":"Colazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0537-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Behrouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4116-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd O.","family":"Ree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Kastelic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divakar J.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00279-H","article-title":"Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"44","author":"Pursley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.7481915x","article-title":"A cellular and endocrine characterization of the original and induced corpus luteum after administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin on day five of the estrous cycle","volume":"74","author":"Schmitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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