{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1760149271002,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present investigation endeavours to discern dental and non-dental pathologies affecting cranial structures of raccoon dogs, while focusing on cases of periodontitis. Furthermore, the study aims to conduct a comparative analysis based on sex and the nature of the pathologies encountered. The number of investigated skulls amounted to 126, including 76 males and 50 females. The predominant pathology identified was hypodontia, which accounted for 26.7% of males and 20% of females. Notably, the majority of hypodontia cases involved the absence of the mandibular third molar. Another noteworthy pathology was various stages of periodontitis, with rates ranging from 21.3% in males to 8% in females. Other pathologies, like tooth fractures and abrasion, were significantly less encountered. Excessive bone formation was relatively abundant and localized in specific areas\u2014the parietal bone and the occipital regions. This tendency was observed in 8% of male cases and 6% of females. We found that the total number of dental and skull-bone pathologies is significantly more common in males than in females (p = 0.003). Additionally, the total number of various cases of periodontitis is more common in males too (p = 0.04).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13152437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T01:56:16Z","timestamp":1690509376000},"page":"2437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and Characterization of Dental and Skull-Bone Pathologies of the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2088-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenijus","family":"Jurgel\u0117nas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indr\u0117","family":"Jasinevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6267-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linas","family":"Daugnora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology, Klaip\u0117da University, Herkaus Manto 84, LT-92294 Klaip\u0117da, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.1996.019","article-title":"Introduced Carnivores in Europe with Special Reference to Central and Northern Europe","volume":"2","author":"Kauhala","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wildl. 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