{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:16:59Z","timestamp":1790799419633,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the sport of dressage, one or more judges score the combined performance of a horse and rider with an emphasis on the technical correctness of the movements performed. At the end of the test, a single score is awarded for the \u2018general impression\u2019, which considers the overall performance of the horse and rider as a team. This study explored original measures that contributed to the general impression score in a group of 20 horse\u2013rider combinations. Horses and riders were equipped with inertial measurement units (200 Hz) to represent the angular motion of a horse\u2019s back and the motions of a rider\u2019s pelvis and trunk. Each combination performed a standard dressage test that was recorded to video. Sections of the video were identified for straight-line movements. The videos were analyzed by two or three judges. Four components were scored separately: gaits of the horse, rider posture, effectiveness of aids, and harmony with the horse. The main contributor to the score for gaits was stride frequency (R = \u22120.252, p = 0.015), with a slower frequency being preferred. Higher rider component scores were associated with more symmetrical transverse-plane trunk motion, indicating that this original measure is the most useful predictor of rider performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13152496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1690973853000},"page":"2496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluating Overall Performance in High-Level Dressage Horse\u2013Rider Combinations by Comparing Measurements from Inertial Sensors with General Impression Scores Awarded by Judges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1552-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Jane","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Serra Braganca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112\u2013114, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0575-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Rhodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin","family":"Hernlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-431X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mick","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering and UK Ag Equine Programs, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8759-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary M.","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Equestre Internationale (2023, May 25). 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