{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:09Z","timestamp":1787169669756,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oak poisoning is a known intoxication in grazing animals, but is slightly described in the literature. This case report describes 7 cattle from 3 different farms admitted to the clinic for ruminants of the University of Li\u00e8ge for suspected acorn poisoning in the autumn of 2022. The clinical signs were, anorexia, apathy with polyuria with low density. Further investigations led to the diagnosis of renal failure (blood urea 162 \u00b1 88 mg\/dL; blood creatinine 12 \u00b1 4 mg\/L). Supportive treatment, based on infusions (NaCl 0.9%) and electrolyte rebalancing, was administered and renal values were assessed every 24\u201348 h. Of these animals, 5\/7 were euthanized. At necropsy, digestive erosions and ulcerations, oedema and renal hemorrhages, between the pyloric\/caliceal cavity and the medulla were observed. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis of the renal tubules. The renal values of the two remaining animals were reduced, their general condition improved, and they were discharged. Acorn poisoning is a serious disease with no specific antidote or characteristic symptoms. Animals are identified as sick too late, when renal failure is already established. Farmers should be made more aware in order to prevent exposure, especially in years when acorns are abundant. Furthermore, there is no antidote for this intoxication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13162678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:38:31Z","timestamp":1692581911000},"page":"2678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oak Acorn Poisoning in Cattle during Autumn 2022: A Case Series and Review of the Current Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Eppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2227-4913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calixte","family":"Bayrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6272-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Casalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Cassart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linde","family":"Gille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Stipulanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Versyp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Sartelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Quartier Vall\u00e9e 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16274","article-title":"Oaks: An Evolutionary Success Story","volume":"226","author":"Kremer","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.12968\/live.2019.24.5.239","article-title":"Autumn Plant Poisoning Hazards","volume":"24","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livestock"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Anad\u00f3n, A., Mart\u00ednez-Larra\u00f1aga, M.R., and Castellano, V. 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