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Whole genome sequencing and sequence analyses of 32 FAdV-1 strains from a global collection provided evidence that multiple recombination events have occurred along the entire genome. In gene-wise phylogenies, only the adenoviral pol gene formed a tree topology that corresponded to whole genome-based phylogeny. Virus genetic features that were clearly connected to gizzard erosion were not identified in our analyses. However, some genome variants tended to be more frequently identified from birds with gizzard erosion and strains isolated from healthy birds or birds with non-specific pathologies tended to form common clusters in multiple gene phylogenies. Our data show that the genetic diversity is greater, and the evolutionary mechanisms are more complex within FAdV-1 than previously thought. The implications of these findings for viral pathogenesis and epidemiology await further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1693907971000},"page":"2819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Fowl Adenovirus 1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8435-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szilvia","family":"Jakab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6906-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztina","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zal\u00e1n","family":"Homonnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1s u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Kaszab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Ih\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Feh\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Mat\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1s u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7839-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1s u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilmos","family":"Palya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1s u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hung\u00e1ria krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19497-0","article-title":"Genetic content and evolution of adenoviruses","volume":"84","author":"Davison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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