{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:35Z","timestamp":1787027495861,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Financiado [parcialmente] por la Universidad de La Frontera, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["DI22-1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI22-1002"]}]},{"name":"Financiado [parcialmente] por la Universidad de La Frontera, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["ANID\/FONDECYT REGULAR 1180912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID\/FONDECYT REGULAR 1180912"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["DI22-1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI22-1002"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["ANID\/FONDECYT REGULAR 1180912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID\/FONDECYT REGULAR 1180912"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The slow freezing of boar sperm is the only way to preserve genetic material for extended periods; this can be achieved with exposure to liquid nitrogen vapors (conventional) or by using automated freezing equipment. The aim was to compare the effect of both techniques on post-thaw functionality. Boar sperm devoid of seminal plasma and resuspended in lactose-egg yolk-glycerol medium were cryopreserved. Conventional: straws were exposed to LN2 vapors; automated: using a drop curve of \u221239.82 \u00b0C\u00b7min\u22121 for 113 s from \u22125 to \u221280 \u00b0C during the critical period; and subsequent immersion in NL2. Cell viability, cholesterol flow, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite, superoxide anion levels, phosphatidylserine translocation, and caspase activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were determined by the SCA system immediately (T0), 60 (T60), and 120 min (T120) post-thawing. Automated freezing significantly reduces cholesterol flow and free radical and lipid peroxidation levels, making it possible to preserve motility for 120 min of incubation. At the same time, viability, acrosome integrity, MMP, and caspase activation did not differ from the conventional technique. In conclusion, controlling the temperature drop curve using automated freezing equipment reduces oxidative\/nitrosative stress, preserving membrane fluidity and sperm motility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:14:14Z","timestamp":1693995254000},"page":"2826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Slow Freezing of Preserved Boar Sperm: Comparison of Conventional and Automated Techniques on Post-Thaw Functional Quality by a New Combination of Sperm Function Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"Pezo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8370003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Furugen Cesar","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-4282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13389","article-title":"Preservation of boar semen: An update","volume":"54","author":"Pezo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. 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