{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:14:36Z","timestamp":1780636476309,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NBF Lanes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in veterinary medicine due to its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including pain, inflammation, immune function, and neurological function. Modulation of the ECS receptors has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects in various animal models of disease, including dogs with osteoarthritis. The goal of this study was to identify and compare the cellular expression and distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) on the synovial cells of hip and stifle joints of seven dogs of different breeds without overt signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The synovial membranes of seven hips and seven stifle joints were harvested post mortem. The expression of the CB1R, CB2R, and GPR55 present in the synovial tissues was investigated using qualitative and quantitative immunofluorescence and Western blot (Wb) analysis. Synoviocytes of the stifle and hip joints expressed CB1R, CB2R, and GPR55 immunoreactivity (IR); no significant differences were observed for each different joint. Cannabinoid receptor 2- and GPR55-IR were also expressed by macrophages, neutrophils, and vascular cells. The ECS receptors were widely expressed by the synovial elements of dogs without overt signs of OA. It suggests that the ECS could be a target for the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa extract in canine arthropathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:14:14Z","timestamp":1693995254000},"page":"2833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Endocannabinoid System Receptors at the Hip and Stifle Joints of Middle-Aged Dogs: A Novel Target for the Therapeutic Use of Cannabis sativa Extract in Canine Arthropathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8548-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Zamith Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4322-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Mille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Delprete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Franciosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Piva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic Dr. Giuliano Piva, 41049 Sassuolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gramenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4448-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Chiocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045030","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1045030","article-title":"Expression of Cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors (TRPV1, GPR55, and PPAR\u03b1) in the Synovial Membrane of the Horse Metacarpophalangeal Joint","volume":"10","author":"Zannoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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