{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:50:54Z","timestamp":1789685454828,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Robinson College (Friends of the College Fund)","award":["SPrj53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPrj53"]}]},{"name":"School of Biological Science (Charles Slater Fund 2021)","award":["SPrj53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPrj53"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge","award":["SPrj53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPrj53"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001280","name":"Horserace Betting Levy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPrj53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPrj53"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fissure in the third metacarpal\/tarsal parasagittal groove and proximal phalanx sagittal groove is a potential prodromal pathology of fracture; therefore, early identification and characterisation of fissures using non-invasive imaging could be of clinical value. Thirty-three equine cadaver limbs underwent standing cone-beam (CB) computed tomography (CT), fan-beam (FB) CT, low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and macro\/histo-pathological examination. Imaging diagnoses of fissures were compared to microscopic examination. Imaging features of fissures were described. Histopathological findings were scored and compared between locations with and without fissures on CT. Microscopic examination identified 114\/291 locations with fissures. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 61.3% for CBCT, 84.1% and 72.3% for FBCT, and 43.6% and 85.2% for MRI. Four types of imaging features of fissures were characterised on CT: (1) CBCT\/FBCT hypoattenuating linear defects, (2) CBCT\/FBCT striated hypoattenuated lines, (3) CBCT\/FBCT subchondral irregularity, and (4) CBCT striated hypoattenuating lines and FBCT subchondral irregularity. Fissures on MRI appeared as subchondral bone hypo-\/hyperintense defects. Microscopic scores of subchondral bone sclerosis, microcracks, and collapse were significantly higher in locations with CT-identified fissures. All imaging modalities were able to identify fissures. Fissures identified on CT were associated with histopathology of fatigue injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1694685623000},"page":"2912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Three-Dimensional Imaging and Histopathological Features of Third Metacarpal\/Tarsal Parasagittal Groove and Proximal Phalanx Sagittal Groove Fissures in Thoroughbred Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Szu-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair K.","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons, Cotton End Rd., Exning, Newmarket CB8 7NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Bolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallmarq Veterinary Imaging, Unit 5 Bridge Park, Merrow Lane, Guildford GU4 7BF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa G.","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons, Cotton End Rd., Exning, Newmarket CB8 7NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Pokora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons, Cotton End Rd., Exning, Newmarket CB8 7NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swayne and Partners Veterinary Surgeons, Western Way, Bury St Edmunds IP33 3SP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Sargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons, Cotton End Rd., Exning, Newmarket CB8 7NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.16.493","article-title":"Risk of fatal distal limb fractures among thoroughbreds involved in the five types of racing in the United Kingdom","volume":"154","author":"Parkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. 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