{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:41:46Z","timestamp":1791042106159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unidentified abortion, of which leptospirosis, brucellosis, and ovine enzootic abortion are important factors, is the main cause of disease spread between animals and humans in all agricultural systems in most developing countries. Although there are well-defined risk factors for these diseases, these characteristics do not represent the prevalence of the disease in different regions. This study predicts the unidentified abortion burden from multi-microorganisms in ewes based on an artificial neural networks approach and the GLM. Methods: A two-stage cluster survey design was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of abortifacient microorganisms and to identify putative factors of infectious abortion. Results: The overall seroprevalence of Brucella was 70.7%, while Leptospira spp. was 55.2%, C. abortus was 21.9%, and B. ovis was 7.4%. Serological detection with four abortion-causing microorganisms was determined only in 0.87% of sheep sampled. The best GLM is integrated via serological detection of serovar Hardjo and Brucella ovis in animals of the slopes with elevation between 2600 and 2800 meters above sea level from the municipality of Xalatlaco. Other covariates included in the GLM, such as the sheep pen built with materials of metal grids and untreated wood, dirt and concrete floors, bed of straw, and the well water supply were also remained independently associated with infectious abortion. Approximately 80% of those respondents did not wear gloves or masks to prevent the transmission of the abortifacient zoonotic microorganisms. Conclusions: Sensitizing stakeholders on good agricultural practices could improve public health surveillance. Further studies on the effect of animal\u2013human transmission in such a setting is worthwhile to further support the One Health initiative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T02:47:52Z","timestamp":1695091672000},"page":"2955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modelling the Unidentified Abortion Burden from Four Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms (Leptospira interrogans, Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, and Chlamydia abortus) in Ewes Based on Artificial Neural Networks Approach: The Epidemiological Basis for a Control Policy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9419-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Arteaga-Troncoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"},{"name":"Military School of Health Officers, University of the Mexican Army and Air Force, SEDENA, Ciudad de Mexico 11650, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Luna-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Leptospirosis, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health, and Food Safety (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health, and Food Safety (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Public Health Laboratory of State of Mexico, ISEM, Toluca 50180, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and National Pavilion of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Botello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and National Pavilion of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Montes de Oca-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Mexico, UAEM, Toluca 50295, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology and Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando M.","family":"Guerra-Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology and Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, IPN, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001147","article-title":"Advances and challenges in barcoding pathogenic and environmental Leptospira","volume":"145","author":"Guernier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, F., Hagan, J.E., Calcagno, J., Kane, M., Torgerson, P., Martinez-Silveira, M.S., Stein, C., Abela-Ridder, B., and Ko, A.I. 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