{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1782973330990,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: This study\u2019s objective was to determine whether adding vegetable biocholine (VB) to pigs\u2019 diets would minimize the negative effects caused by daily aflatoxin (B1 + B2) intake. (2) Methods: We used seventy-two whole male pigs weaned at an average of 26 days and divided them into four groups with six replicates each (2 \u00d7 2 factorial). The treatments were identified as Afla0VB0 (negative control, without aflatoxin and without VB); Afla500VB0 (positive control, 500 \u00b5g\/kg of aflatoxins; Afla0VB800 (800 mg\/kg of VB); and Afla500VB800 (500 \u00b5g\/kg of aflatoxin +800 mg\/kg of VB). (3) Results: In the first 20 days of the experiment, only the pigs from Afla500VB0 had less weight gain and less feed consumption, different from the 30th to 40th day, when all treatments had lower performance than the negative control. In the liver, higher levels of oxygen-reactive species and lipid peroxidation were observed in Afla500VB0, associated with greater activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In the jejunum, oxidative stress was associated with nitrous stress in Afla500VB0. An increase in splenic glutathione S-transferase activity in the Afla500VB800 animals was observed. (4) Conclusions: Consuming a diet contaminated with 500 \u00b5g\/kg of aflatoxin influences the health and performance in the nursing phase in a silent way; however, it generates high economic losses for producers. When VB was added to the pigs\u2019 diet in the face of an aflatoxin challenge, it showed hepatoprotective potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T03:56:49Z","timestamp":1695614209000},"page":"3010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can the Inclusion of a Vegetable Biocholine Additive in Pig Feed Contaminated with Aflatoxin Reduce Toxicological Impacts on Animal Health and Performance?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Dazuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Tarasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Luiz","family":"Molosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3135-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Giorgio Oliveira","family":"C\u00e9cere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Luiz","family":"Deolindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Vitor","family":"Strapazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0294-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathieli Bianchi","family":"Bottari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6672-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Fagan","family":"Bissacotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosa Chitolina","family":"Schetinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00e9rcio","family":"Sareta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concordia 89051-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Evandro","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concordia 89051-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (AVDL), Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Vedovatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dean Lee Research and Extension Center, Louisiana State University, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Micotti","family":"Gloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Agroind\u00fastria, Alimentos e Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diovani","family":"Paiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapec\u00f3 89815-630, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6734-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela 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