{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:44:47Z","timestamp":1792226687060,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Boar sperm is sensitive to particular conditions during cryopreservation, resulting in an extreme reduction in fertilizing ability due to damage to the sperm membranes. PKMPH contains bioactive peptides that have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. There is no information on the use of palm-kernel-meal-derived bioactive peptides for boar semen cryopreservation. This study aimed to examine the effects of bioactive peptides from PKMPH on post-thawed boar sperm quality. Boar semen ejaculates (n = 17) were collected and divided into six equal aliquots based on PKMPH concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 \u00b5g\/mL) in a freezing extender. Semen samples were processed and cryopreserved using the liquid nitrogen vapor method. Thereafter, the frozen semen samples were thawed at 50 \u00b0C for 12 s and evaluated for sperm motility using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer and for sperm viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial function, and lipid peroxidation by measuring the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results demonstrate that the supplementation of PKMPH with 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL afforded superior post-thawed sperm qualities, such as increased total motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial function by 10.7%, 12.3%, 18.3%, and 12.7%, respectively, when compared to the control group. PKMPH at a concentration of 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL showed the lowest level of MDA (40.6 \u00b1 2.0 \u00b5Mol\/L) compared to the other groups. In conclusion, adding PKMPH peptides at 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL to the freezing extender reduced the oxidative damage associated with cryopreservation and resulted in higher post-thawed sperm quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T01:51:14Z","timestamp":1695865874000},"page":"3040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Palm Kernel Meal Protein Hydrolysates Enhance Post-Thawed Boar Sperm Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassakorn","family":"Khophloiklang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panida","family":"Chanapiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6021-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ratchaneewan","family":"Aunpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kampon","family":"Kaeoket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.07.023","article-title":"Role of exogenous antioxidants on the performance and function of pig sperm after preservation in liquid and frozen states: A systematic review","volume":"173","author":"Bucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.021","article-title":"Changes in sperm quality and lipid composition during cryopreservation of boar semen","volume":"63","author":"Maldjian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.01.032","article-title":"The effects on boar sperm quality of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differ among porcine breeds","volume":"76","author":"Yeste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collodel, G., Moretti, E., Noto, D., Corsaro, R., and Signorini, C. 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