{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:06:08Z","timestamp":1791547568623,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish \u201cMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda\u201d","award":["2004-02580-C03-03\/BOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004-02580-C03-03\/BOS"]}]},{"name":"Spanish \u201cMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda\u201d","award":["FIS PI16\/00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI16\/00002"]}]},{"name":"European Union ERDF\/ESF","award":["2004-02580-C03-03\/BOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004-02580-C03-03\/BOS"]}]},{"name":"European Union ERDF\/ESF","award":["FIS PI16\/00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI16\/00002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A study of gastrointestinal nematodes in roe deer was carried out in the regional hunting reserves of Ria\u00f1o and Mampodre, Province of Le\u00f3n, Spain, to provide information on their prevalence and intensity of infection in relation to the sampling areas, age of the animals, and body weight. Through a regulated necropsy of the animals, all of them harbored gastrointestinal nematodes in their digestive tract, with a mean intensity of parasitism of 638 \u00b1 646.1 nematodes\/infected animal. Eleven genera were found and 18 species of gastrointestinal nematodes were identified, three of them polymorphic: Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus capricola, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Haemonchus contortus, Spiculopteragia spiculoptera\/Spiculopteragia mathevossiani, Ostertagia leptospicularis\/Ostertagia kolchida, Ostertagia (Grosspiculopteragia) occidentalis, Teladorsagia circumcincta\/Teladorsagia trifurcate, Marshallagia marshalli, Nematodirus europaeus, Cooperia oncophora, Capillaria bovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, and Trichuris ovis. All of them have already been cited in roe deer in Europe, but Marshallagia marshalli, Capillaria bovis, and Ostertagia (Grosspiculopteragia) occidentalis are reported for the first time in Spain in this host. The abomasum was the intestinal section, where the prevalence (98.9%) and mean intensity (x\u00af = 370.7 \u00b1 374.4 worms\/roe deer; range 3\u20131762) were significantly higher, but no statistically significant differences were found when comparing the sampling areas and age of animals. The animals with lower body weight had a higher parasite load than those in better physical condition, finding, in this case, statistically significant differences (p = 0.0020). Seven genera and 14 species were identified. In the small intestine, 88% of the animals examined presented gastrointestinal nematodes, with an average intensity of x\u00af = 131.7 \u00b1 225.6 parasites\/infected animal, ranging between 4\u20131254 worms. No statistically significant differences were found when the three parameters studied were compared. Four genera and seven species were identified. In the large intestine\/cecum, 78.3% of the examined roe deer presented adult worms, with an average intensity of 6.3 \u00b1 5.5 worms\/infected animal; range 1\u201326 worms. Only statistically significant differences were observed when considering the mean intensity of parasitism and the sampling area (p = 0.0093). Two genera and two species were identified. Several of the species found in the study were studied molecularly, and with the sequences obtained compared with those deposited in GenBank, phylogenetic trees were prepared to determine their taxonomic status. Using coprological techniques, the existing correlation in the shedding of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in roe deer was investigated with that of semi-extensive sheep farms in the same study area to verify the existence of cross-transmission of these parasites between wild and domestic animals. The high values found in the studied parameters show that northern Spain is an area of high-intensity infection for roe deer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T07:49:29Z","timestamp":1696578569000},"page":"3117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of Le\u00f3n, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0820-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Le\u00f3n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Section of Immunobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Le\u00f3n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1113-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natividad","family":"D\u00edez-Ba\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Le\u00f3n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0901-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Rosario","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Le\u00f3n, 24007 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centenera, R. (2023, September 27). Din\u00e1mica y Status de la Poblaci\u00f3n del Corzo en Espa\u00f1a. Problem\u00e1tica Actual. Principios de Gesti\u00f3n. Necesidad de la Caza de Hembras. Available online: https\/\/xn-asociaciondelcorzoespa\u00f1ol.com."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"An investigation on endoparasitic helminth fauna of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Netherlands","volume":"36","author":"Borgesteede","year":"1990","journal-title":"Z. Jagdwiss."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"730","article-title":"The gastro-intestinal helminths of wild ruminants in Britain. I. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus capreolus","volume":"55","author":"Dunn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"303","article-title":"A survey of the gastro-intesinal nematodes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a mountain habit","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"248","article-title":"Investigation of the parasite fauna of wildlife in Northrhine-Westfalia. 1. Endoparasites of roe deer","volume":"46","author":"Rehbein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z. Jagdwiss."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00240-5","article-title":"Host specificity of abomasal nematodes in free ranging alpine ruminants","volume":"90","author":"Zaffaroni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2478\/v10058-010-0002-1","article-title":"Helminth fauna of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Ukraine: Biodiversity and parasite community","volume":"44","author":"Kuzmina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vestn. Zool."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15298\/rusjtheriol.19.1.09","article-title":"Gastointestinal nematodes of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Russia","volume":"19","author":"Kuznestov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ. J. Theriol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017dele Vengu\u0161t, D., Kuhar, U., Jerina, K., and Vengu\u0161t, G. (2021). Twenty years of passive diseases durveillance of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Slovenia. Animals, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020407"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Navarrete, I., Reina, D., Habela, M., Nieto, C.G., Serrano, F., and P\u00e9rez, E. (1990, January 23\u201327). Parasites of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Caceres Province, Spain. Proceedings of the 32 Internationalen Symposiums \u00fcber die Erkrankungen der Zoo-und Wildtiere, Eskilsuna, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, S. (1992). Contribuci\u00f3n al Conocimiento de la Parasitofauna de los Animales Silvestres y de Vida Libre en la Provincia de C\u00c1CERES (Espa\u00f1a), Servicio de Comunicaciones de la Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba. En \u201cIn Memorian\u201d al Prof. Dr. Francisco de Paula Mart\u00ednez G\u00f3mez."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"25","article-title":"The occurrence of endoparasites of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in two different \u00e1reas from NW Spain","volume":"68","author":"Dacal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Ibero-Lat.-Am. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"155","article-title":"Parasitic infections of wild ruminants in Spain with special attention to roe deer and chamois","volume":"52","author":"Morrondo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.01.027","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode infections in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the NW of the Iberian Peninsula: Assessment of some risk factors","volume":"196","author":"Pato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00030","article-title":"Transmission of helminths between species of ruminants in Austria appears more likely to occur than generally assumed","volume":"5","author":"Winter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"445","article-title":"Studies on helminths and helminthiases in Cervidae I. Revision of the subfamily Ostertagiinae Sarwar, 1956 and an attempt to explain the phylogenesis of its representatives","volume":"13","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on helminths and helminthiases in Cervidae II. The helminth fauna in Cervidae in Poland","volume":"14","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"287","article-title":"Studies on helminths and helminthiases in Cervidae III. Historical formation of helminthofauna in Cervidae","volume":"14","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Anderson, R.C., and Chabaud, A.G. (1983). Keys to Genera of the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates N\u00ba 10."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1989645356","article-title":"Nomenclature propos\u00e9e pour les esp\u00e8cies d\u00e9crites dans la sous-famille des Ostertagiinae Lopez-Neyra, 1947","volume":"64","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1981563297","article-title":"Nouvel essai de classification des nematodes Trichostrongyloidea","volume":"56","author":"Chabaud","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Skrjabin, K.I. (1954). Essentials of Nematodology, Israel Program for Scientific Translations."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Skrjabin, K.I. (1952). Key to Parasitic Nematodes, Israel Program for Scientific Translations."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Yamaguti, S. (1961). Systema Helminthum. The Nematodes of Vertebrates, Interscience Publishers Inc.. Part I."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Yamaguti, S. (1961). Systema Helminthum. The Nematodes of Vertebrates, Interscience Publishers Inc.. Part II."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.10.2525","article-title":"Rapid sequencing of rDNA from single worms and eggs of parasitic helminths","volume":"21","author":"Gasser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006030","article-title":"Spiculopteragia mathevossiani Ruchliadev, 1948 is the minor morph of Spiculopteragia spiculoptera (Gushanskaya, 1931): Molecular evidence","volume":"37","author":"Depaquit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Sant\u00edn-Dur\u00e1n, M. (2001). Helmintofauna de C\u00e9rvidos en la Zona Centro de Espa\u00f1a: Epidemiolog\u00eda e Inter\u00e9s Sanitario. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-007-0002-z","article-title":"Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from sheep in Russia","volume":"44","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00150-1","article-title":"Differences in the second internal transcribed spacer of four species of Nematodirus (Nematoda: Molineidae)","volume":"28","author":"Newton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt376","article-title":"Analysis Tool Web Services from the EMBL-EBI","volume":"41","author":"McWilliam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1986). Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques, Reference Book 418."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","article-title":"Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited","volume":"83","author":"Bush","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Martin, S.W., Meek, A.H., and Willeberg, P. (1988). Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles and Methods, Iowa State University Press."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0228:QPISOH]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Quantifying parasites in samples of hosts","volume":"86","author":"Reiczigel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00156-I","article-title":"Differentiation of Haemonchus placei from H. contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) by the ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer","volume":"25","author":"Stevenson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00028-X","article-title":"DNA evidence that Ostertagia gruehneri and Ostertagia arctica (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) in reindeer from Norway and Svalbard are conspecific","volume":"30","author":"Dallas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00063-1","article-title":"Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia gruehneri from Svalbard reindeer","volume":"30","author":"Dallas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0417:IIAISS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Identical ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences suggest Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) constitute morphologically distinct variants of a single species","volume":"88","author":"Alunda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90128-L","article-title":"Lack of intraspecific variation in the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis ribosomal DNA","volume":"23","author":"Hoste","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00123-X","article-title":"Identification of Nematodirus species (Nematoda: Molineidae) from wild ruminants in Italy using ribosomal DNA markers","volume":"29","author":"Gasser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.1997.0097","article-title":"Rapid PCR-based delineation of the porcine nodular worms, Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum","volume":"11","author":"Newton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probe."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Cordero del Campillo, M., Casta\u00f1\u00f3n Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, L., and Reguera Feo, A. (1994). \u00cdndice- Cat\u00e1logo de Zoopar\u00e1sitos Ib\u00e9ricos, Secretariado de Publicaciones, Universidad de Le\u00f3n. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109041","article-title":"Wild ruminants as reservoirs of domestic livestock gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"279","author":"Barone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.06.001","article-title":"A multiplex restriction enzyme-PCR for unequivocal identification and differentiation of Trichostrongylus species in human samples","volume":"173","author":"Mizani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"75","article-title":"Helminth fauna of cervids in Belorussian Polesie","volume":"89","author":"Shimalov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"307","article-title":"The ccurrence of intestinal parasites of roe deer and red deer in the Western Pomerania volvodeship","volume":"51","author":"Pilarczyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parazytoly"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"489","article-title":"Investigation of the lung, stomach and intestine helminth infections of roe deer in North-West Poland","volume":"58","author":"Cisek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tierarzt. Umschau."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Ramajo-Mart\u00edn, V., Ramajo-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Oleaga, A., and P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, R. (October, January 28). Parasitofauna de rumiantes silvestres de Salamanca: Interacci\u00f3n con la ganader\u00eda extensiva. Proceedings of the XXX Jornadas Cient\u00edficas y IX Internacionales de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia, Granada, Spain."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"83","article-title":"The helminth fauna of the roe deer in a hunting area inhabited by red deer, elk and European bison (Borecka forest, Poland) over the yearly cycle","volume":"37","author":"Demiaszkiewicz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2012.06.008","article-title":"Helminths of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey","volume":"61","author":"Bolukbas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuel, W.M., Pybus, M.J., and Kocan, A.A. (2001). Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals, Iowa State University Press.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470377000"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2307\/3283635","article-title":"Interbreeding in the Subfamily Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) of ruminants","volume":"78","author":"Suarez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00367-8","article-title":"Relationship between helminth species diversity, intensity of infection and breeding management in dairy goats","volume":"94","author":"Silvestre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05449-7","article-title":"Parasitic strongyle nemabiome communities in wild ruminants in Sweden","volume":"15","author":"Halvarsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"238","article-title":"Infecci\u00f3n por Moniezia spp. en rumiantes dom\u00e9sticos y corzos que pastan en zonas comunes","volume":"16","author":"Dacal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Parastol. Port."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"81","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Parasitenfauna der wildlebenden Wiederkauer Ungarns. I. Zur Parasitenfauna von Rehkitzen und Jungrehen (Capreolus c. capreolus)","volume":"20","author":"Kutzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)90041-8","article-title":"Species identification of Trichostrongyle nematodes by PCR-linked RFLP","volume":"24","author":"Gasser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Hidalgo, M.R., Diez-Ba\u00f1os, N., and Mart\u00ednez, A. (2010). Parasitic Diseases of Wild Animals and Sustainable Environment, Edit University Complutense of Madrid."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00979.x","article-title":"Dynamics of infestation of cattle and pasture by gastrointestinal nematodes in an Atlantic Temperate ambient","volume":"53","author":"Nogareda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"108","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode infections of Cervus elaphus in Castilla-La Mancha (central Spain)","volume":"62","author":"Corchero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Ib\u00e9rica Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.4.753","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of roe deer mortality in Sweden","volume":"35","author":"Aguirre","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00012237","article-title":"Polymorphism in nematodes","volume":"3","author":"Lancaster","year":"1981","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X12000521","article-title":"Molecular genetic conspecificity of Spiculopteragia houdemeri (Schwartz, 1926) and S. andreevae (Dr\u00f3zdz, 1965) (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) from wild ruminants in Japan","volume":"88","author":"Sultan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.2307\/3284592","article-title":"Comparisons of two polymorphic species of Ostertagia and phylogenetic relationships within the Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) inferred from ribosomal DNA repeat and mitochondrial DNA sequences","volume":"84","author":"Zarlenga","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Pato, F.J., V\u00e1zquez, L., Painceira, S., Cienfuegos, S., Diaz, P., Dacal, V., Diez-Ba\u00f1os, N., Fern\u00e1ndez, G., and Morrondo, P. (2009, January 27\u201330). Gastrointestinal infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Galicia (NW Spain). Proceedings of the XVII International Congress of Mediterranean Federation for Health and Production of Ruminants (Fe.Mes.Prum), Perujia, Italy."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"15","article-title":"Monitoring of parasitic fauna in wild animals in the Western Pomerania Region. Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis","volume":"46","author":"Cisek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zootechnica"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"147","article-title":"Parasitosis gastrointestinales en ganado ovino de la zona centro: Modelo de estructura poblacional y distribuci\u00f3n etaria","volume":"17","author":"Carpintero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prevalencia e intensidad de parasitaci\u00f3n en granjas de peque\u00f1os rumiantes en Galicia","volume":"1","author":"Cienfuegos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asoc. Interprofesional Para El Desarro. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"556","article-title":"Contribuci\u00f3n a la confecci\u00f3n de un mapa parasitol\u00f3gico del ganado ovino de la provincia de Segovia","volume":"10","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"397","article-title":"Estudio parasitol\u00f3gico en el ganado ovino de la provincia de Burgos","volume":"6","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2298\/AVB1103269B","article-title":"Parasitofauna in gastrointestinal tract of the cervids (Cervidae) in Northern Poland","volume":"61","author":"Burlinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-1456-x","article-title":"Efficacy of toltrazuril as a a metaphylactic and therapeutic treatment of coccidiosis in first-year grazing calves","volume":"97","author":"Epe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"83","article-title":"Eimeria infections in wild ruminants (Capreolus capreolus) and extensive reared domestic ruminant from Galicia (NW Spain)","volume":"69","author":"Painceira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Ibero-Lat. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Occurrence of chosen parasitic protozoa of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland: A current review","volume":"68","author":"Balinska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Diez-Ba\u00f1os, N., Mart\u00ednez-Delgado, A., and Hidalgo-Arg\u00fcello, M.R. (2006, January 12\u201315). Estudio parasitol\u00f3gico del ganado ovino en la provincia de Le\u00f3n (Espa\u00f1a) mediante an\u00e1lisis coprol\u00f3gico. Proceedings of the XIV International Congress of Mediterranean Federation for Health and Production of Ruminants (Fe.Mes.Prum), Lugo, Spain."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.10.018","article-title":"Coccidial infections in housed lambs: Oocyst excretion, antibody levels and genetic influences on the infection","volume":"127","author":"Reeg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.031","article-title":"Epidemiology of Eimeria infectionsin an Austrian milking sheep flock and control with diclazuril","volume":"129","author":"Platzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.027","article-title":"Lamb coccidiosis dynamics in different dairy production systems","volume":"181","author":"Saratsis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/19\/3117\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:02:01Z","timestamp":1760130121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/19\/3117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani13193117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13193117","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]}}}