{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:54:41Z","timestamp":1790970881475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the project of the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021ZDZX0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX0011"]}]},{"name":"the project of the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"the project of the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022ZYDF036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZYDF036"]}]},{"name":"the project of the China Agriculture Research System","award":["2021ZDZX0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX0011"]}]},{"name":"the project of the China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"the project of the China Agriculture Research System","award":["2022ZYDF036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZYDF036"]}]},{"name":"the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development","award":["2021ZDZX0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX0011"]}]},{"name":"the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development","award":["2022ZYDF036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZYDF036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Appropriate protein sources are vital for the growth, development and health of neonates. Twenty\u2013four 2\u2013day\u2013old piglets were randomly divided into three groups and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets. The experimental diets included a milk replacer with 17.70% whey protein concentrate (WPC group), a milk replacer with 6% spray\u2013dried porcine plasma isonitrogenously substituting WPC (SDPP group), and a milk replacer with 5.13% soy protein isolate isonitrogenously substituting WPC (SPI group). Neonatal piglets were fed milk replacer from postnatal day 2 (PND 2) to day 20 (PND 20). The growth performance, intestinal morphology, activities of digestive enzymes, plasma biochemical parameters, immunity\u2013related genes, short\u2013chain fatty acids (SCFA) and intestinal microbiota in the colonic chyme were determined. The results showed that SDPP\u2013fed piglets had higher final BW (p = 0.05), ADG (p = 0.05) and F\/G (p = 0.07) compared with WPC\u2013 and SPI\u2013fed piglets, and SDPP\u2013fed piglets had a lower diarrhea index (p &lt; 0.01) from PND 2 to PND 8. SDPP\u2013fed piglets had an increased ileal villus height (p = 0.04) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VCR) (p = 0.02), and increased activities of sucrase (p &lt; 0.01), lactase (p = 0.02) and trypsin (p = 0.08) in the jejunum, compared with WPC\u2013 and SPI\u2013fed piglets. Furthermore, SPI\u2013fed piglets had an increased mRNA expression of IL-6 (p &lt; 0.01) and concentration of plasma urea (p = 0.08). The results from LEfSe analysis showed that SDPP\u2013fed piglets had a higher abundance of beneficial Butyricicoccus compared with WPC\u2013 and SPI\u2013fed piglets, in which higher abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Marinifilaceae, Fusobacterium and Enterococcus were observed. Moreover, SDPP\u2013fed piglets had an increased concentration of butyric acid (p = 0.08) in the colonic chyme compared with WPC\u2013 and SPI\u2013fed piglets. These results suggest that neonatal piglets fed milk replacer with SDPP partially substituting WPC had improved growth performance and intestinal morphology and function, associated with higher digestive enzyme activity and fewer pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13213308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1698147287000},"page":"3308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Partial Substitution of Whey Protein Concentrate with Spray\u2013Dried Porcine Plasma or Soy Protein Isolate in Milk Replacer Differentially Modulates Ileal Morphology, Nutrient Digestion, Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Neonatal Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengfeng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianqiang","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2020.105032","article-title":"Effect of litter size, milk replacer and housing on behaviour and welfare related to sibling competition in litters from hyper-prolific sows","volume":"230","author":"Moustsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. 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