{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:50:59Z","timestamp":1791571859596,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais"},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel"},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pyometra, characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterus, is the most prevalent reproductive disease in canines. While the disease often begins with mild local symptoms, it can escalate into peritonitis, sepsis, and multi-organ dysfunction, thereby posing a significant threat to life. Despite the high incidence and recognized significance of canine pyometra, gaps persist in our understanding of its epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis. Recent studies have, however, broadened our comprehension of this disease, shedding light on potential new infection sources, etiologies, and the application of clinical predictive biomarkers and new therapeutic protocols. This study aimed to review the current understanding of canine pyometra, with particular emphasis on the latest research concerning its etiology and epidemiology. Furthermore, it addressed key research questions and proposed directions for future investigations into various facets of canine pyometra.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13213310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T04:14:47Z","timestamp":1698207287000},"page":"3310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Canine Pyometra: A Short Review of Current Advances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Gariglio Clark","family":"Xavier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa Helena","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thayanne Gabryelle Viana","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Santos","family":"do Amarante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Lima","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Ot\u00e1vio Silveira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.03.001","article-title":"Pyometra in Small Animals","volume":"48","author":"Hagman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. 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