{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:32:31Z","timestamp":1788571951769,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403045\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403045\/2021-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Atlantic Forest biome is considered an area in which tick fever is endemic, while the Caatinga biome is considered an area in which tick fever is non-endemic. A survey on cattle tick fever was carried out in 448 cattle farms located in an area of the Atlantic Forest biome which borders the Caatinga biome. A retrospective study of five years, conducted from January 2018 to October 2022, allowed for the identification of the occurrence of tick fever in 44 out of the 448 herds visited. In 70.5% (31\/44) of the herds involved, the disease was caused by Anaplasma marginale; in 6.8% (3\/44), the disease was caused by Babesia spp.; and in 22.7% (10\/44), the disease was caused by a coinfection of Babesia spp. and A. marginale. The disease mainly occurred from August to November (23\/44). Bos taurus or B. taurus crossbreed animals were most affected (29\/44) in an area in which 94% of the cattle were Bos indicus and 6% were B. taurus and B. taurus crossbreeds. In 24 herds (with adults affected in 17 and calves in 7), the implicated animals had recently been moved to the Atlantic Forest. In the other 20 herds (calves with heavy tick infestations were affected in 17 and adults in 3), tick fever occurred in non-moved cattle. Even though it is an endemic zone, tick fever is common and mainly affects B.\u00a0taurus cattle, including adults moved from areas with enzootic instability and calves under nine months old with high tick loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13233636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T03:43:59Z","timestamp":1700797439000},"page":"3636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Occurrence of Cattle Tick Fever in a Region of the Atlantic Forest on the Border with the Caatinga in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1559-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Dario","family":"Puentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitor Santiago de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Development Center, Federal University of Bahia, Santo Amaro 44200-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lais Gouveia","family":"Caymmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00facio Fernando Ferraro de","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Riet-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","article-title":"Reorganization of Genera in the Families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the Order Rickettsiales: Unification of Some Species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, Descriptions of Six New Species Combinations and Designation of Ehrlichia Equi and \u201cHGE Agent\u201d as Subjective Synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila","volume":"51","author":"Dumler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/3224894","article-title":"Taxonomy of the Piroplasms","volume":"90","author":"Levine","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011118-111932","article-title":"Vectors of Babesiosis","volume":"64","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1972.tb02298.x","article-title":"Transmission of Anaplasma marginale the Cattle Tick Boophilus microplus","volume":"48","author":"Connell","year":"1972","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.11.001","article-title":"Transplacental Transmission of Bovine Tick-Borne Pathogens: Frequency, Co-Infections and Fatal Neonatal Anaplasmosis in a Region of Enzootic Stability in the Northeast of Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.012","article-title":"The Natural History of Anaplasma marginale","volume":"167","author":"Kocan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","article-title":"Babesiosis of Cattle","volume":"129","author":"Bock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richey, E.J. (1992). Bovine Anaplasmosis, American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings.","DOI":"10.21423\/aabppro19916695"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1163","article-title":"N\u00edveis de Anticorpos Anti-Babesia Bigemina e Babesia Bovis, Em Bezerros Da Ra\u00e7a Nelore, Ibage e Cruzamentos de Nelore","volume":"19","author":"Madruga","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1972.tb05160.x","article-title":"Epizootiological Factors in the Control of Bovine Babesiosis","volume":"48","author":"Mahoney","year":"1972","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological Aspects of Cattle Tick Fever in Brazil","volume":"32","author":"Puentes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04410-X","article-title":"Endemic Stability\u2014A Veterinary Idea Applied to Human Public Health","volume":"357","author":"Coleman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2006000400008","article-title":"Tristeza Parasit\u00e1ria Bovina Na Regi\u00e3o Sul Do Rio Grande Do Sul: Estudo Retrospectivo de 1978\u20132005","volume":"26","author":"Tortelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2011000300009","article-title":"Tristeza Parasit\u00e1ria Bovina No Sert\u00e3o Da Para\u00edba","volume":"31","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2011v32n1p307","article-title":"Tristeza Parasit\u00e1ria Em Bovinos Na Regi\u00e3o de Botucatu\u2013SP: Estudo Retrospectivo de 1986\u20132007","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Cienc. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2022, April 14). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica\u2014IBGE Censo Agropecu\u00e1rio, Available online: https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/estatisticas\/economicas\/agricultura-e-pecuaria\/21814-2017-censo-agropecuario.html?=&t=resultados."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2023, June 14). Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos H\u00eddricos\u2014INEMA Sistema Estadual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Ambientais e de Recursos H\u00eddricos, Available online: http:\/\/monitoramento.seia.ba.gov.br\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00208.x","article-title":"Comparison of Bovine Hematology Reference Intervals from 1957 to 2006","volume":"39","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-022-00691-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the One-Side Tick Counting Technique and of the Level of Infestation of Bovines with Rhipicephalus Microplus","volume":"86","author":"Miraballes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2009000700011","article-title":"Doen\u00e7as Parasit\u00e1rias Em Ruminantes No Semi-\u00c1rido Brasileiro","volume":"29","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Doen\u00e7as Diagnosticadas Pelo Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria No Oct\u00eanio 2013\u20132020","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Mendes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Boletim de Diagn\u00f3stico do Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria 2013\u20132020"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-736x2017000800003","article-title":"Doen\u00e7as Parasit\u00e1rias Em Bovinos e Ovinos No Sul Do Brasil: Frequ\u00eancia e Estimativa de Perdas Econ\u00f4micas","volume":"37","author":"Ruas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.08.015","article-title":"Retrospective Study of Epidemiological, Clinical and Pathological Findings of Bovine Babesiosis in Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil (1995\u20132017)","volume":"10","author":"Pupin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-736x2017000500002","article-title":"Doen\u00e7as de Bovinos Em Mato Grosso Diagnosticadas No Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria Da UFMT (2005\u20132014)","volume":"37","author":"Rondelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014064","article-title":"Complexo Tristeza Parasit\u00e1ria Bovina: Diagn\u00f3stico e Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Dos Fatores de Risco Na Bahia, Brasil","volume":"23","author":"Amorim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"111","article-title":"Serological Survey of Babesia Bovis and Babesia Bigemina in the State of Bahia by Indirect Immunofluorescence and Rapid Conglutination Test","volume":"6","author":"Araujo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.032","article-title":"Emerging Perspectives in the Research of Bovine Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis","volume":"180","author":"Suarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00402.x","article-title":"The Age-Related Immunity in Cattle to Babesia Bovis Infection Involves the Rapid Induction of Interleukin-12, Interferon-\u03b3 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase MRNA Expression in the Spleen","volume":"23","author":"Goff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x","article-title":"A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis","volume":"58","author":"Aubry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612015078","article-title":"Surto de Anaplasmose Associado Com a Presen\u00e7a de Diferentes Cepas de Anaplasma Marginale Em Gado Leiteiro Dos Estados de S\u00e3o Paulo e Goi\u00e1s, Brasil","volume":"24","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.03.022","article-title":"Productivity and Health Effects of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis on Bos Indicus Cattle and Their Crosses, and the Effects of Differing Intensity of Tick Control in Australia","volume":"155","author":"Jonsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.622-636.2003","article-title":"Babesia divergens, a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance","volume":"16","author":"Zintl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Yu, N., Liu, C., Han, M., Wang, H., Chen, X., Kang, J., Li, X., and Liu, Y. (2022). Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS\/MS. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13010104"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406656102","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequencing of Anaplasma marginale Reveals That the Surface Is Skewed to Two Superfamilies of Outer Membrane Proteins","volume":"102","author":"Brayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612013005000006","article-title":"Acaricides Efficiency on Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus from Bahia State North-Central Region","volume":"22","author":"Raynal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/23\/3636\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:29:10Z","timestamp":1760131750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/13\/23\/3636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ani13233636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13233636","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]}}}