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Furthermore, the pattern and causes of mortality might differ when different systems are evaluated. The present study was conducted to establish the main causes of death in nursery pigs from different systems in Brazil, as well as the clinical, microbiological, and pathological aspects of these mortalities. Eighteen nurseries were analyzed (a total of 120,243 housed piglets), and 557 necropsies were performed. Streptococcus suis infection was the most prevalent cause of death (21.2%), followed by bacterial polyserositis (16.7%), chronic atrophic enteritis (13.5%), salmonellosis (8.8%), pneumonia (8.6%), and colibacillosis (6.1%). The increase in mortality rate in individual nurseries and, consequently, in the diagnoses was commonly associated with disease outbreaks. Infectious diseases constituted the largest portion of the diagnoses, making a great opportunity for improving production rates in herds. Moreover, the extensive range of observed diagnoses highlights the importance of conducting preliminary diagnostic investigations based on necropsy to determine the causes of death. This approach allows for the direction of complementary tests, which can diagnose agents with greater specificity. As a result, this allows for the implementation of more effective prevention and control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13243819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T11:24:43Z","timestamp":1702293883000},"page":"3819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Main Causes of Death in Piglets from Different Brazilian Nursery Farms Based on Clinical, Microbiological, and Pathological Aspects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Carlo Olivo","family":"Menegatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Felicetti","family":"Perosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3926-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Hentz","family":"Gris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoela Marchezan","family":"Piva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Carvalho","family":"Serena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego Luiz","family":"Bordignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cargill Alimentos Ltd.a., Av. Jos\u00e9 Bonif\u00e1cio Coutinho Nogueira, 150, Campinas 13091-611, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Reck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERT\u00c0 Laborat\u00f3rios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagn\u00f3stico Veterin\u00e1rio, Av. Lions, 1380\u2014Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Menin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERT\u00c0 Laborat\u00f3rios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagn\u00f3stico Veterin\u00e1rio, Av. Lions, 1380\u2014Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade \u00danica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R. Germano A. Souza, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiane Terumi Negr\u00e3o","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA"},{"name":"Antech Diagnostics, West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3766-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Driemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352000000300002","article-title":"Fatores de Risco Associados Aos Problemas Dos Leit\u00f5es Na Fase de Creche Em Rebanhos Da Regi\u00e3o Sul Do Brasil","volume":"52","author":"Sobestansky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07004","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-7004","article-title":"Clinical and Pathological Aspects of an Outbreak of Streptococcus suis Serotype 9 Infection in Pigs","volume":"42","author":"Hammerschmitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. 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