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This article explains and explores the biomechanical effects between riders and horses, including gravitational and inertial forces, turning effects, and characteristics of rider technique that foster synchronous movement with the horse. Rider symmetry, posture, and balance are discussed in the context of their relationship to rider skill level and their effects on the horse. Evidence is presented to support the feasibility of improving equestrian performance by off-horse testing followed by unmounted therapy and exercises to target the identified deficiencies. The elusive quality of harmony, which is key to a true partnership between riders and horses, is explored and described in biomechanical terms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13243854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1702623196000},"page":"3854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Riders\u2019 Effects on Horses\u2014Biomechanical Principles with Examples from the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8759-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary Mary","family":"Clayton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3942-4321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"MacKechnie-Guire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Department, Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Gloucester, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1552-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Jane","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.02.011","article-title":"The role of biomechanical analysis of horse and rider in equitation science","volume":"190","author":"Clayton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. 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