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In non-canine species, the natural dietary compound ursolic acid inhibits molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, leading to improvements in muscle health. To begin to translate ursolic acid to canine health, we developed a novel ursolic acid dietary supplement for dogs and confirmed its safety and tolerability in dogs. We then conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept efficacy study in older beagles with age-related muscle atrophy, also known as sarcopenia. Animals received placebo or ursolic acid dietary supplements once a day for 60 days. To assess the study\u2019s primary outcome, we biopsied the quadriceps muscle and quantified atrophy-associated mRNA expression. Additionally, to determine whether the molecular effects of ursolic acid might have functional correlates consistent with improvements in muscle health, we assessed secondary outcomes of exercise participation and T-maze performance. Importantly, in canine skeletal muscle, ursolic acid inhibited numerous mRNA expression changes that are known to promote muscle atrophy and weakness. Furthermore, ursolic acid significantly improved exercise participation and T-maze performance. These findings identify ursolic acid as a natural dietary compound that inhibits molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy and improves functional performance in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14020186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T03:49:04Z","timestamp":1704685744000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ursolic Acid Induces Beneficial Changes in Skeletal Muscle mRNA Expression and Increases Exercise Participation and Performance in Dogs with Age-Related Muscle Atrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celine S.","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Market Unit Petfood Petcare, Virbac SA, 06511 Carros, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development\u2014Biopharmacy Department, Virbac SA, 06511 Carros, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime G.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Petcare Innovation, Virbac NA, Westlake, TX 76262, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation, Business Development, Virbac NA, Westlake, TX 76262, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-291X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7854-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blake B.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Center for Metabolic Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 77021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe A.","family":"R\u00e8me","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Market Unit Petfood Petcare, Virbac SA, 06511 Carros, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00838.x","article-title":"Cachexia and Sarcopenia: Emerging Syndromes of Importance in Dogs and Cats","volume":"26","author":"Freeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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